SINTER CRYSTALLIZATION OF SODALIME SILICATE WASTE GLASS MODIFIED WITH EGGSHELL DERIVED CAO FOR GLASS CERAMIC TILE APPLICATIONS

The utilization of post consumer and industrial wastes for the production of glass ceramics provides a sustainable pathway for developing high performance construction materials. In this study, glass-ceramic tiles were synthesized via the sinter crystallization technique using waste soda lime silicate (TV panel) glass and eggshell-derived calcium oxide (CaO) as alternative raw materials. The waste glass served as a silica rich matrix, while eggshell waste acted as a low cost and sustainable CaO source. Raw materials and sintered products were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Compacted samples were sintered at 650, 700, and 750 °C, and their phase composition, microstructure, density, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and chemical durability were evaluated.XRD analysis revealed partial crystallization within a residual glassy matrix, with quartz and calcite identified as the dominant crystalline phases. Increasing the sintering temperature promoted crystallization and densification up to 700 C, as confirmed by SEM observations. The sample sintered at 700 C exhibited optimal performance, achieving the highest compressive strength (28.54 MPa), enhanced density, improved hardness, superior abrasion resistance, and excellent chemical durability in acidic and alkaline environments. These results demonstrate that waste glass and eggshell derived CaO can be effectively utilized to produce durable glass ceramic tiles suitable for sustainable building applications.