INDIA IN GLOBAL CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS: INSIGHTS FROM BELEM (COP30)

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of Indias evolving role in global climate negotiations, particularly in the context of the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP 30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It traces Indias historical trajectory from its initial defensive stance during the Kyoto Protocol era to its current position as a pivotal actor in international climate diplomacy. The paper highlights Indias core negotiating principles, including Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), climate justice, and historical responsibility, which have shaped its advocacy for equitable climate action. The analysis of COP 30 outcomes reveals significant alignments with India's traditional priorities, including enhanced adaptation finance and the establishment of a Just Transition mechanism. However, challenges remain, particularly regarding the need for substantial commitments on loss and damage financing, a clear operational timeline, technical functions, and defined finance for the just mechanism transition. Ultimately, this paper underscores India's influential role in shaping global climate governance and its implications for achieving effective and equitable climate action. Keywords: India, climate negotiations, climate justice, COP30, adaptation finance, Just Transition, loss and damage