UNDERSTANDING CONGENITAL ANOMALIES THROUGH GARBHAJA VIKRITIYA: AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE

Ayurveda presents a comprehensive perspective on factors influencing fetal development and the occurrence of congenital anomalies. Classical texts emphasize the role of parental attributes, including age, health, reproductive elements (shukra and artava) and past actions (purva karma), in determining fetal character and well-being. Proper timing of conception(kala) adherence to guidelines during menstruation and pregnancy, and the maintenance of balanced doshas are considered essential for healthy progeny. Structural or functional abnormalities of the uterus, inadequate maternal nutrition, and unhealthy lifestyle practices are also described as contributors to impaired fetal growth.Ancient scholars further highlight the psychological state of the mother, introducing the concept of dauhridya, wherein fetal desires are believed to manifest through maternal cravings; their appropriate fulfillment is thought to support normal development. Additionally, intrauterine conditions such as nourishment, environmental influences, and division of the zygote are noted as determinants of fetal strength and outcomes. These traditional views align in part with modern understandings that maternal age, nutrition, and prenatal care significantly affect fetal health.Collectively,Ayurvedic literature underscores a holistic approach that integrates physical, mental, and ethical factors to promote the birth of a healthy child.