HEAVY METALS AND CADMIUM TOXICITY IN SOIL AND PLANTS

Primarily in areas with high levels of human activity, heavy metals like cadmium, copper, lead, chromium, and mercury are significant environmental hazards. Deposition of heavy metals in soils is a problem in agricultural output because it has a negative impact on food safety and consumer appeal, growth of crops due to phytotoxicity, and soil organisms environmental health. Through soil, water, and air pollution, plants and their metabolic processes affect the geological and ecological redistribution of heavy metals. This review article addresses the toxicity of heavy metals, particularly Cd, on plants. Plants are greatly impacted by toxicity, which consequently affects the environment in which plants are crucial. Plants cultivated in metal-polluted environments exhibit metal accumulation, reduced growth, altered metabolism, and lower biomass output. Many plant physiological and biochemical functions are impacted by metals.