SHAPING THE FUTURE OF PERI-IMPLANT HEALTH: INSIGHTS INTO BIOCERAMIC IMPLANT MATERIALS

Bioceramic implant materials have evolved significantly beyond traditional passive biocompatibility concepts, with contemporary research focusing on bioactive, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory functionalities to enhance peri-implant tissue stability and long-term clinical success.This review examines recent advances in bioceramic implant technology across five key domains. Additive manufacturing enables patient-specific implant designs with optimized macro- and micro-architectures that enhance bone ingrowth and stress distribution. Surface biofunctionalization strategies, including calcium phosphate coatings, bioactive glass layers, and ion-doped ceramic modifications (strontium, magnesium, zinc), demonstrate enhanced osteogenic potential and accelerated mineralized tissue formation. Antimicrobial approaches targeting biofilm-mediated peri-implantitis include nanostructured ceramic coatings and photocatalytic zirconia surfaces that reduce bacterial adhesion while preserving host cell compatibility. Hybrid implant systems combining metallic cores with ceramic outer layers address mechanical limitations while maintaining aesthetic and biological advantages. Emerging immunomodulatory surface concepts aim to engineer macrophage polarization toward pro-healing phenotypes, potentially reducing chronic inflammatory reactions associated with peri-implantitis.