GROWTH DYNAMICS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN INDIA: EVIDENCE FROM CARBON INTENSITY TRENDS 1990-2024

This study examines the relationship between economic growth and carbon intensity in India over the period 1990-2024. The main objective of the study is to explore whether economic growth has been accompanied by improvements in environmental efficiency. Carbon intensity, which measures the amount of carbon emissions generated per unit of economic output, is used as an indicator of environmental performance, while GDP per capita represents economic growth.The analysis is based on descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and graphical trend analysis. The results indicate that GDP per capita in India has increased significantly during the study period, reflecting sustained economic expansion. In contrast, carbon intensity shows a gradual decline over time, suggesting improvements in energy efficiency and cleaner production processes. The correlation analysis reveals a strong negative relationship between GDP per capita and carbon intensity, indicating that higher income levels are associated with lower carbon emissions per unit of output.Overall, the findings suggest that economic growth in India has been accompanied by improvements in environmental efficiency. The results highlight the importance of technological progress, structural transformation, and sustainable energy policies in reducing carbon intensity while maintaining economic growth. These findings provide useful insights for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable development and environmentally efficient economic growth.