Vol. 14 (04) pp. 1314-1317 DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/23291

PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS: SOURCES, CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, AND ADVANCED TREATMENT STRATEGIES

  • Laboratory of Materials Treatment and Analysis (LMTA), National Institute of Research and Physico-Chemical Analysis (INRAP), Technological Pole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia.
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Abstract

Pharmaceutical industrial effluents have emerged as a critical environmental concern due to the continuous discharge of biologically active and persistent compounds into aquatic ecosystems.These effluents contain a complex mixture of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), solvents, intermediates, and by-products that are often resistant to conventional wastewater treatment processes. This paper provides a comprehensive and detailed review of the sources, physicochemical characteristics, environmental and health impacts, and treatment technologies associated with pharmaceutical wastewater. Particular attention is given to emerging contaminants, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the limitations of existing treatment systems. Advanced and hybrid treatment technologies are critically discussed, along with future perspectives for sustainable wastewater management.

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How to Cite This Article

Mohamed Guitouni (2026); PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS: SOURCES, CHARACTERISTICS, ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS, AND ADVANCED TREATMENT STRATEGIES, Int. J. of Adv. Res., 14 (04), 1314-1317, ISSN 2320-5407. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/23291

Corresponding Author

Mohamed Guitouni
Laboratory of Materials Treatment and Analysis (LMTA), National Institute of Research and Physico-Chemical Analysis (INRAP), Technological Pole Sidi Thabet 2020, Ariana, Tunisia.
Tunisia
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.