POTENTIAL OSTEOPOROTIC EFFECT OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUSON FEMALE RATSIN COMPARISON TO OVARIECTOMIZED MODEL OF OSTEOPOROSIS.

Background:- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a metabolic disease with extensive illness. Additionally, osteoporosis (OP) is a silent disorderwithdecreased bone mineral density (BMD). Objective:- to explore the possible relationship between OP and T2D. Also, to declare the possible mechanisms involved. Design:- A total number of 24adult healthy female albino rats were used. the 1st group was the control (sham operated) group (n=8), the 2nd group was the ovariectomized (OVX) group (n=8) and the 3rd group was the type 2 diabetic (T2D) group (n=8). At the end of procedures, rats were sacrificed after 12h overnight fasting. Blood samples were collected in dry clean test tubes for separation of serum. Serum was separated and stored at -20oC for measurement of the fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels. Calculation of HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance) as an index of insulin resistance was done.Also, serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase (AP), and serum osteocalcin (OC) concentration wereestimated.In addition, hydroxyproline (HP) was measured and histopathology of femur was studied in all the groups. Results:- there was a significant decrease in body weight in T2D final group (325±10.1) in comparison to the T2D initial group (376.5±7.6). Also, there was a significant increase in fasting blood glucose(290.88±8.99),seruminsulin(5.2±0.23)and HOMA-IR (3.75±0.25)in T2D group in comparison to those of control (sham operated) group (104.13±2.29), (2.15±0.08) and (0.55±0.02) respectively.Moreover, there was a significant increase in serum AP(30.92±1.1) and urinary HP (24.12±0.36) in T2D group in comparison to that in control group (17.4±0.38) and(13.54±0.28) respectively. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in serum OC in T2D group (7.51±0.18) in comparison to that inthe control group (9.34±0.07). Conclusion:- to our knowledge, this study is one of the few studies that confirmed the osteoporotic changes occurring in T2D and explained their possible mechanisms which may be the decreased body weight, insulin sensitivity and OC level in T2D. Further studies should be done to confirm these results and to study the effect of T2D therapy on these osteoporotic changes.