SQUALENE IMMUNOGENICITY DETERMINATION AS AN ADJUVANT

The concept that vaccines prevent the spread of infectious disease is based upon the belief that, by injecting a small amount of a disease into the body, it will develop "antibodies" that will prevent the injected person from contracting the disease against which he had been vaccinated. The fact that attenuated doses of pathogens alone will not initiate an "antigenic response"; vaccines must contain compounds known as "adjuvants" to intensify the body’s immune response. Squalenehas been added to vaccine asimmunologic adjuvant to stimulate the immune system, increase the response to the vaccine and reduce amount of usage vaccine. The objective of this study is to investigate the possible immunological effects of squalene as an adjuvant, Albino rats were injected with two doses of squalene (AS03) at interval three weeks between them. Results obtained in the present study showed that squalene as adjuvant contributed to the initiation of the innate immune response, exemplified by cytokines elevation, inflammatory responses and activated effectors that move to draining lymph nodes and activating the adaptive immune response. This study provides evidence that squalene is responsible for the regiment of adverse reactions, which act as detergents instead of its helper role of vaccine. Based on the results presented here, it may be concluded that squalene has a toxicity effectors in the biological pathways including, immunopathological and histopathological effects. These could be related toa strong immunostimulation effect of squalenewhen it potentiated the vaccine as immunoenhancers.