A STUDY OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR (CAUSALITY & PREVENTION OF CRIME)
- Penultimate Year Student of Law B.A. L.L.B, National Law University Odisha.
- Abstract
- Keywords
- References
- Cite This Article as
- Corresponding Author
This research is set out to carefully analyze the psyche of the criminals and to identify commonality in their behavior irrespective of the demographic aspect. The research aims at analyzing criminal law theories and their practical usage in modern scenario. Crime is defined as an act of deviance from socially accepted norms translated as criminal code. Countries all around the world have a definite set of criminal code compromising principles of morality and ethics as per their unique culture and society. But in practicality, these principles have failed to culminate the desired result of prevention of crime upon implementation by the traditional methods of enforcement. Deviance relates to the subjectivity of society. Considering morality as a subjective aspect would propagate deviance among individuals formed out of different circumstances than the majority. Hence, crime is often committed by the minority upon the majority in a society. The ultimate aim of the research is to identify the principle of causality in relation to crime and eventually portraying an effective approach for the prevention of crime.
- Greenwald, H., & Roche, P. Q. (1959). The Criminal Mind: A Study of Communication Between Criminal Law and Psychiatry.?American Sociological Review,?24(5), 741. doi: 10.2307/2096192
- Ellingwood, H., &Wardrop, K. (2013). C. R. Bartol and A. M. Bartol, Current Perspectives in Forensic Psychology and Criminal Behavior, Third Edition California: SAGE Publications Inc., 331 pages, paperback. ISBN 978-1-119-97624-0.?Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,?29(2), 95?99. doi: 10.1007/s11896-013-9138-6
- Ellingwood, H., &Wardrop, K. (2013). C. R. Bartol and A. M. Bartol, Current Perspectives in Forensic Psychology and Criminal Behavior, Third Edition California: SAGE Publications Inc., 331 pages, paperback. ISBN 978-1-119-97624-0.?Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology,?29(2), 95?99. doi: 10.1007/s11896-013-9138-6
- (2020, February 18). Poverty in India. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/countries/india/poverty
- India's Poverty Profile. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/infographic/2016/05/27/india-s-poverty-profile
- CRIME IS BOTH CAUSE, CONSEQUENCE OF POVERTY, THIRD COMMITTEE TOLD AS IT BEGINS DISCUSSION OF CRIME PREVENTION, INTERNATIONAL DRUG CONTROL | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.un.org/press/en/2005/gashc3817.doc.htm
- Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2012). Child development in the context of adversity: Experiential canalization of brain and behavior.?American Psychologist,?67(4), 309?318. doi: 10.1037/a0027493
- Mounts, N. S. (2002). Parental management of adolescent peer relationships in context: The role of parenting style.?Journal of Family Psychology,?16(1), 58?69. doi: 10.1037/0893-3200.16.1.58
- Laird, R. D., Jordan, K. Y., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2001). Peer rejection in childhood, involvement with antisocial peers in early adolescence, and thedevelopment of externalizing behavior problems.?Development and Psychopathology,?13(2), 337?354. doi: 10.1017/s0954579401002085
- Cowan, P. A., & Cowan, C. P. (n.d.). From family relationships to peer rejection to antisocial behavior in middle childhood.?Childrens Peer Relations: From Development to Intervention., 159?177. doi: 10.1037/10653-009
- Laird, R. D., Pettit, G. S., Dodge, K. A., & Bates, J. E. (2005). Peer relationship antecedents of delinquent behavior in late adolescence: Is there evidence of demographic group differences in developmental processes??Development and Psychopathology,?17(01). doi: 10.1017/s0954579405050078
- Biglan, A., Flay, B. R., Embry, D. D., & Sandler, I. N. (2012). The critical role of nurturing environments for promoting human well-being.?American Psychologist,?67(4), 257?271. doi: 10.1037/a0026796
- Hart, C. H., Nelson, D. A., Robinson, C. C., Olsen, S. F., &Mcneilly-Choque, M. K. (1998). Overt and relational aggression in Russian nursery-school-age children: Parenting style and marital linkages.?Developmental Psychology,?34(4), 687?697. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.34.4.687
- Goodwin, R. (1991). Parenting Styles and the Adolescent.?Pastoral Care in Education,?9(4), 17?20. doi: 10.1080/02643949109470764
- Bank, L., Patterson, G. R., & Reid, J. B. (1987). Delinquency Prevention Through Training Parents in Family Management.?The Behavior Analyst,?10(1), 75?82. doi: 10.1007/bf03392409
- Jackson, C., &Foshee, V. A. (1998). Violence-Related Behaviors of Adolescents.?Journal of Adolescent Research,?13(3), 343?359. doi: 10.1177/0743554898133006
- Hoeve, M., Smeenk, W., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., Laan, P. H. V. D., Gerris, J. R. M., &Dubas, J. S. (2007). Long-Term Effects of Parenting and Family Characteristics on Delinquency of Male Young Adults.?European Journal of Criminology,?4(2), 161?194. doi: 10.1177/1477370807074854
- Ainsworth, M. S. (1979). Infant?mother attachment.?American Psychologist,?34(10), 932?937. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.34.10.932
- Adshead, G. (2002). Three degrees of security: Attachment and forensic institutions.?Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health,?12(S2). doi: 10.1002/cbm.2200120605
- Young, S. K., Fox, N. A., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (1999). The relations between temperament and empathy in 2-year-olds.?Developmental Psychology,?35(5), 1189?1197. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.35.5.1189
- Cohen, D., &Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy in conduct-disordered and comparison youth.?Developmental Psychology,?32(6), 988?998. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.988
- Schaffer, M., Clark, S., &Jeglic, E. L. (2008). The Role of Empathy and Parenting Style in the Development of Antisocial Behaviors.?Crime & Delinquency,?55(4), 586?599. doi: 10.1177/0011128708321359
- Guymer, E. C., Mellor, D., Luk, E. S. L., &Pearse, V. (2001). The Development of a Screening Questionnaire for Childhood Cruelty to Animals.?Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,?42(8), 1057?1063. doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00805
- Jolliffe, D., & Farrington, D. P. (2007). Examining the relationship between low empathy and self-reported offending.?Legal and Criminological Psychology,?12(2), 265?286. doi: 10.1348/135532506x147413
- Brownlie, E. B., Beitchman, J. H., Escobar, M., Young, A., Atkinson, L., Johnson, C., ? Douglas, L. (2004). Early Language Impairment and Young Adult Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior.?Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,?32(4), 453?467. doi: 10.1023/b:jacp.0000030297.91759.74
- Smith, H. M. (2014). The Subjective Moral Duty to Inform Oneself before Acting.?Ethics,?125(1), 11?38. doi: 10.1086/677024
- Frank, J., Brandl, S. G., & Watkins, R. C. (1997). The content of community policing: a comparison of the daily activities of community and ?beat? officers.?Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management,?20(4), 716?728. doi: 10.1108/13639519710368116
- Kelling, G., & Wilson, J. (1982).?Broken Windows[Ebook]. Retrieved from http://illinois-online.org/krassa/ps410/Readings/Wilson%20and%20Kelling%20Broken%20Windows.pdf
- Peters, & Jackson. (1970, January 1). Community action a force for social change? Some conceptual observations. Resolve Working Paper Series, 01-08, University of Surrey. Retrieved from http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807439/
- Gotlieb, Y., &Friedmann, J. (1994). Empowerment: The Politics of Alternative Development.?Economic Geography,?70(4), 417. doi: 10.2307/143731
- Goldstein, D. J. (1992). Resolution in light microscopy studied by computer simulation.?Journal of Microscopy,?166(2), 185?197. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2818.1992.tb01517.x
- Peters, & Jackson. (1970, January 1). Community action a force for social change? Some conceptual observations. Resolve Working Paper Series, 01-08, University of Surrey. Retrieved from http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/807439/.
[Aman Tiwari (2020); A STUDY OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR (CAUSALITY & PREVENTION OF CRIME) Int. J. of Adv. Res. 8 (Apr). 439-447] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com
National Law University Odisha (NLUO)