CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF ECHINOPS SPINOSISSIMUS TURRA.

Investigation of the primary products showed that the carbohydrates of Echinops spinosissimus, aerial parts were 23.23%, while the detected free and combined sugars were 9 free sugars and 13 combined sugars. The detected values of total nitrogen and total protein were 1.79% and 11.2%, respectively. Amino acid analyzer of total amino acids revealed the presence of 15 amino acids. The detected percentage of total lipid was 3.45%. Meanwhile GLC analysis revealed the presence of 6 saturated fatty acids and 2 unsaturated fatty acids. Further flavonoids of Echinops spinosissimus using HPLC revealed the presence of 22 compounds, with the major compounds Hespirtin (39.233 mg/100g), Hespiridin (34.589 mg/100g), Luteolin-6- arbinose-8- glucose (25.344 mg/100g), Apigenin-6- arbinose -8-glactose (23.049 mg/100g) and Apignin-6- glucose -8- rhamnose (20.083 mg/100g). While on using paper and TLC chromatographers revealed the separation and identification of 5 pure flavonoid compounds (apigenin, kampferol, hespiridin, hespirtin and rutin) and 2 phenolic acids (gallic acid and ferulic acid).