Congestion Control in High Density Wireless Personal Area Networks.

Congestion control is considered to be one of the most significant challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) which is attributed to resource constraint specification and the number of deployed nodes. In WSNs, congestion is caused by the following factors: packet collision, node buffer overflow, transmission channel contention, transmission rate, many-to-one data transmission scheme and dynamic time variation transmission channel. Indeed, congestion has a significant impact on packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay and energy consumption. When nodes are densely distributed or due to high flow rate, congestion of data packets are bound to occur which leads to packet loss, inefficiency and lack of fairness. Hence congestion needs to be controlled. Here we are considering throughput degradation problem in WSNs due to congestion occurring in highly dense scenario. This paper proposes hop by hop congestion control protocol named UHCC which works in upstream direction i.e. from source to sink. Simulations show that there is significant improvement in Throughput and PDR.