Immunohistochemical expression of transformation growth factor (TGF-?1)in epithelial and stromal cells of Iraqi lung tumors .

Background: Lung cancer most common causes of cancer deaths in the United States and world. TGF-? Immunosuppressive cytokines ,induce regulatory properties in conventional CD4+ T cells , contribute to maintenance of lymphocyte homeostasis , and play a role in tumorgenesis. Sources of TGF-?1 in tumors vary and include the cancer cells themselves as well as various cells of the tumor stroma, with each source leading to context-dependent functional consequences. TGF- ? has the power to act as a tumor suppressor (via its effects on proliferation, replication potential, and apoptosis) and as a tumor promoter (via its effects on migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and the immune system Methods: TGF-?1 protein expression in lung tumor cells and stromal cells were studied by using immunohistochemical technique in 30 NSCLC Iraqi tissue samples and 22 benign tissue Results: Significant diffrences (p= 0.0401,chi-3.877) of TGF-?1 expression was found 25/30(83.3%) in malignant samples compared to benign lesion cases 16/22(72.7%),while no differences have been found between the two group TGF-?1 expression in stromal cells. Frequency Score 3 and intensity significantly higher in benign tumor cells(63.64%,59.09%,) more than in malignant cells(53.33%, 53.3 3%).In stromal cells (score 3and intensity ) , no differences have been found between malignant and benign lesion (43.33%versus 40.91%) . Conclusions: Our data suggest a possible role of TGF-?1 in the pathogenesis of NSCLC and benign lesion .Increased expression of TGF- ?1 may be associated with infiltration fibroblastic stroma which may together facilitate tumor development