Antioxidant role of olive “Olea europeavar picual”leaves extract on profenofos induced oxidative stress in male rats

Evaluation of the antioxidant role of olive leaves extract (OLE)against oxidative stress induced by profenofos (organophosphorus pesticide) in male albino rats was investigated.Olive leaves were extracted with four different solvents (ethanol,hexane,acetone and water) and it was found that the acetonic extract has both the highest content of phenolic compounds and reducing power.GC/MS analysis of this extract showed presence of seventeen phenolic compounds.The compound present in highest amount was oleuropien. Sixty six adult male albino rats were used for the toxicological experiment (16 for determination of the oral median lethal dose LD50) and the other 50 were divided into 5 groups. They were orally treated as follow: control, olive 400 mg/kg b.wt, profenofos 62.75 mg/kg b.wt (1/8 LD50) , olive 200 mg/kg b.wt + profenofos 62.75 mg/kg b.wt, olive 400 mg/kg b.wt + profenofos 62.75 mg/kg b.wt. Treatments were expanded for 28 days. Blood samples and brain tissue were taken after 14 and 28 days of treatment for biochemical analysis. Also liver tissue was obtained after 28 days of treatment for histopathological examinations.The results revealed that, the oral median leathal dose (LD50) value to male rats was found to be 502 mg/kg b.wt. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was inhibited by profenofos treatment. However, an elevation in oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde (MDA) level was recorded with reduction in total reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and increase in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in profenofos treated group. Elevation in the activities of liver function biomarkers alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT),alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and reduction in albumin level were recorded in profenofos treated group. As for lipid profile, there was a reduction in total cholesterol, total lipids and triglycerides concentrations in profenofos treated group. Histopathological examination revealed sinusoidal leukocytosis in liver of profenofos group.Supplementation with olive leaves extract improve the determental effects of profenofos in rats and olive leaves extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg was highly effective than 200 mg/kg body weight.