THE POLITICAL ECONOMY IN INDIA: 1951-1991.
- Ph.D Scholar, Department of International Relations Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.
- Abstract
- Keywords
- References
- Cite This Article as
- Corresponding Author
The article defines the perimeter of political economy as an independent field of enquiry emerging out of the discipline of International Relations during the growth of behavioral approaches in the study of global politics. This understanding is applied to trace the development of political economy in India from 1951 to 1991 to assess how the post-colonial economy grew to adopt the neo-liberal measures in 1991. The study analyses the impulses that prompted the policy direction soon after independence in 1947, during the 1960s and 1970s and finally in the 1980s to prepare the economy with modest neo-liberal economic measures. Peter Evans? theory of embedded autonomy has been used to study the nature of state intervention in economic affairs and Michal Kalecki?s concept of intermediate classes in intermediate regimes have been applied to understand how certain classes have always stood to gain more from policy planning, irrespective of the orientation of policies.
- Aiyar Shahnaz Anklesaria (1991). Chandra Shekhar Appears Serenely in Command of the Country. India Today. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19910228-chandra-shekhar-appears-serenely-in-command-of-the-country-814121-1991-02-28
- Alagh Yoginder K. (2013). Rajive Gandhi and the Story of Indian Modernisation. Live Mint. Retrieved fromhttps://www.livemint.com/Opinion/NYPeyCrc6NyfwmlxqjtumJ/Rajiv-Gandhi-and-the-story-of-Indian-modernization.html.
- ANI (2015). V.P Singh: A Prime Minister with Promise, but who Faded Away Fast. New Delhi: Business Standard. Retrieved from http://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ani/v-p-singh-a-prime-minister-with-promise-but-who-faded-away-fast-115062500573_1.html.
- Ball Terence (1994). Reappraising Political Theory: Revisionist Studies in the History of Political Thought. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Bettleheim Charles (1971). India Independent. Monthly Review Press.
- Bhargava Ashok (1988). Indian Economy During Mrs. Gandhi?s Regime. In Malik Yogendra Kumar and Vajpeyi Dhirendra Kumar (eds.). India: The Years of Indira Gandhi. Netherlands: E.J. Brill. 70-75.
- Brass Paul R. (1994). The Politics of India Since Independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1, 37, 38-40.
- Chakravarti Sudeep (1991). In an India Known for Thinking Small, Rajiv Gandhi generated High-Stakes Optimism. India Today. Retrieved from https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19910615-in-an-india-known-for-thinking-small-rajiv-gandhi-generated-high-stakes-optimism-814461-1991-06-15.
- Corbridge Stuart (2009). The Political Economy of Development in India Since Independence. In Brass Paul (ed.) Handbook of South Asian Politics. London: Routledge.
- Corbridge Stuart and Harriss John (2000). Reinventing India: Liberalisation, Hindu Nationalism and Popular Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ERgoAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT114&dq=VP+Singh+economic+crisis&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjAoaCdkZzaAhUFso8KHdyrA84Q6AEINjAC#v=onepage&q=VP%20Singh%20economic%20crisis&f=false.
- Crossette Barbara (1990). India?s Embattled Leader Struggles With Rising Violence and Party Rivals. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/17/world/india-s-embattled-leader-struggles-with-rising-violence-and-party-rivals.html.
- Evans Peter (1995). Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1-5.
- Ganguly B.N. (1964). Nehru and Socialism. Published in Economic and Political Weekly. Retrieved from http://www.epw.in/system/files/pdf/1964_16/29-30-31/nehru_and_socialism.pdf.
- Gilpin Robert (1987). The Political Economy of International Relations. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
- Guru (2015). The Economics of Indira Gandhi. Business World Online Bureau. Retrieved from http://businessworld.in/article/The-Economics-Of-Indira-Gandhi/19-11-2015-88463/.
- India Today (2007). 1969: Split Wide Open.
- Jenkins Rob (1999). Democratic Politics and Economic Reform in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Jose Kjosavik and Darley Shanmugaratnam Nadarajah (2015). Political Economy of Development in India: Indigeneity in Transition in the State of Kerala. New York: Routledge, 98-102.
- Kalecki Michal (1993). Collected Works of Michal Kalecki: Volume V: Developing Economies. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Kapila Uma (2008). Indian Economy Since Independence. Academic Foundation.
- Keynes John Neville (2017). The Scope and Method of Political Economy. Routledge.
- Kochanek Stanley A. (1968). The Congress Party of India: The Dynamics of a One-Party Democracy. Princeton University Press.
- Kochanek Stanley A. (1976). Mrs. Gandhi?s Pyramid: The New Congress. In Hart Henry C. (ed.) Indira Gandhi?s India: A Political System Reappraised. Westview Press. 95-102.
- Kohli Atul (2002). Politics of Economic Growth in India, 1980-2005, Parts I and II. Economic and Political Weekly Vol. XXXVII No. 36. 1361-70.
- Kohli Atul and Singh Prerna (2016). Routledge Handbook of Indian Politics. New York: Routledge. 5, 9.
- Lall Rajiv and Rastogi Anupama (2007). The Political Economy of Infrastructure Development in Post-Independence India. Published in IDFC Occasional Paper Series. Retrieved from https://www.idfc.com/pdf/publications/the_political_economy_of_infrastructure_development_in_post_independence_india.pdf, 10.
- Meek Ronald L. (1962). The Economics of Physiocracy: Essays and Translations. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.
- Motiram Nagaraj R. (2017). Introduction: From ?Intermediate Regime? to Crony Capitalism. In Motiram Nagaraj R. (ed.) Political Economy of Contemporary India. New Delhi: Cambridge University Press. 2-4.
- Mukherji Rahul and Ganguly Sumit (2010). India Since 1980. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Murthy Padmaja. The Gujral Doctrine and Beyond. Retrieved from https://www.idsa-india.org/an-jul9-8.html.
- Palshikar Suhas (2016). Regional and Caste parties. In Kohli Atul and Singh Prerna (eds.) Routledge Handbook of Indian Politics. New York: 93-96.
- Patnaik Prabhat (2014). The Crisis of Neo-Liberalism. The Telegraph.
- Raghavan T.C.A Srinivasa (2013). Two PMs and a Countdown to Financial Crisis. The Hindu. Retrieved from http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/two-pms-a-countdown-to-financial-crisis/article4577727.ece.
- Raj K.N. (1973). The Politics and Economics of Intermediate Regimes. Economic and Political Weekly (Special Articles).
- Sarangi Prakash (2014). Essays on India?s Political Economy. New Delhi: K.W Publishers
- Saxenian Anna Lee (2002). Bangalore: The Silicon Valley of Asia. In Krueger Anne O. (ed.). Economic Policy Reforms and the Indian Economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 170-171.
- Sharma S.K, Sharma Urmila (2006). Western Political Thought (From Bentham to Present Day) Volume II. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 376.
- Sunday Story (2015). Mandal Commission Report, 25 Years Later. The Indian Express. Retrieved from http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/sunday-story-mandal-commission-report-25-years-later/
- Tharoor Shashi (2016). As Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi was My Kind of Indian. The Quint. Retrieved from https://www.thequint.com/voices/opinion/as-prime-minister-rajiv-gandhi-was-my-kind-of-indian.
- Visvesvaraya Sir Mokshagundam (1936). Planned Economy for India. Bangalore Press.
[Sayantani Sen. (2018); THE POLITICAL ECONOMY IN INDIA: 1951-1991. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Apr). 697-708] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com
PhD Scholar, Department of International Relations, Jadavpur University