01Oct 2018

REVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN.

  • Khairpur Medical College Civil Hospital Khairpur Mir\'s
  • Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul LatifuniversityKhairpur.
Crossref Cited-by Linking logo

  • Abstract
  • Keywords
  • References
  • Cite This Article as
  • Corresponding Author

DM is a metabolic condition distinguished by high blood sugar owed by shortage or lack of insulin. Lack of insulin influence on the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and fat, and causes a significant interruption of water and electrolyte balance. International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) reported 366 million people were affected worldwide as of diabetes in 2011, 371 million peoples were suffering by diabetes in 2012. During 2014, 6.9 million diabetic patients were reported from Pakistan by IDF between the age group of 20-79 years old, the occurrence was 6.8% in adults. IDF estimates the prevalence of 12.8 million diabetics by 2035, Considerable work also done in Sindh Province. During 1995 Sheraet al., made a survey on the occurrence of DM in the rural regions of district Shikarpur of Sindh Province. 16.2% males and 11.7% females were suffering from DM (Maharet al., 2010) reported the prevalence diabetes type 2 in the rural populace of Gaddap town, Karachi Pakistan. The prevalence was 8.73%, with 1258 (6.55% previously and newly reported 2.18%) (Bukhariet al., 2016) made survey on Diabetes Mellitus and reported a total of 11.20% of population were suffering from DM among them 9.19% were reported for women and 16.2% of man suffering from DM. (Parveenet al., 2017) survey on the diabetes in Hyderabad district of Sindh Pakistan. They randomly select 240 samples from Hyderabad out of which 142 males and 98 females, the total prevalence was 59% male and 41% of females.

  1. Ansari, R.M., Dixon, J.B., Browning, C.J. 2014. Self-management of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged population in Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Open J prevMed ;4:396-407.
  2. Ansari, R.M., Dixon, J.B and Browning J. (2014) Self of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged population of Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Open J Prev Med 4:396-407.
  3. Ansari, R.M., Dixon, J.B and Browning J. 2015. Type 2 Diabetes: Challenges to Health Care System of Pakistan, International Journal of Diabetes Research 4(1): 7-12. doi:10.5923/j.diabetes.20150401.02
  4. Badruddin, S.H., Molla, A., Khursheed, M., anVaz, S. 1993. The impact of nutritional counselling on serum lipids, dietary and physical activity patterns of school children. J Pak Med Assoc 43:235-7.
  5. Basit, A. and Williams R. 2006 World diabetes day. Promotingcare in underserved communities: launchingworld diabetes day in Karachi. Availablefrom URL: http://www.worlddiabetesday.org/
  6. cfm?DownloadFile=4980A346-EA68-2137-A7C7545317E72D96.
  7. Basit, A., Riaz, M. and Fawwad, A. 2015. Improving diabetes care in developing countries: The example of Pakistan. Diabetes Res clinpract 107:224-32.
  8. Baird, C.R.W. and Toft, A.D. 1991. Endocrine and metabolic disease In: Davidson?s principles and practice of medicine. Churchill Livingston, pp. 607-698.
  9. Din, I. 2014. Health Outcomes and the Pakistani PopulationCambrige Scholars Publishing.
  10. Fariha, F., Shaheen, A., Zafar, I.H., Asher, F., Abdul, B., Samad, S. and Akhtar, 2010 Depression and Diabetes in High-Risk Urban Population of Pakistan. The Open Diabetes Journal. 3, 1-5
  11. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva, World Health Organization. [Cited on January 31, 2015]. Available from URL: http://www.who.int/global-coordination- Hakeem R, Thomas J, Badruddin SH. Urbanisation and coronary heart disease risk factors in South Asian children. J Pak Med Assoc 2001;51:22-8.
  12. Hakeem, R. 2001. Socio-economic differences in height and body mass index of children and adults living in urban areas of Karachi, Pakistan. Eur J ClinNutr 55:400-6.
  13. Hakeem, R., Thomas, J., and Badruddin, S. H 2002. Urbanisation and activity pattern of south Asian children. J.Pak.Med.Assoc. 52(9), 402-407.
  14. Hakeem, R., Thomas, J., and Badruddin, S.H. 2002. Food habits and nutrient density of diets of Pakistani children living in different urban and rural settings. J Health PopulNutr 20:255-63.
  15. Hasnain, S. and Sheikh, N.H. 2009. Knowledge and practices regarding foot care in diabetic patients visiting diabetic clinic in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association Vol. 59, No. 10, October .
  16. Hussain, A. and Ali, I. Diabetes Mellitus in Pak: A major Public Health Concern Arch PharmaPract 7: 30-32.
  17. Hydrie Z.I.M., Basit, A., Badruddin, N. and Ahmedani., M.Y. 2004. Diabetes Risk Factors in Middle Income Pakistani School Children. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 3 (1): 43-49.
  18. Ijaz, S. and , A.M. 2011. Experiencing Type II Diabetes in Pakistan Pakistan Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology , Vol. 9, 50-56.
  19. International Diabetic Federation Atlas. 2006 showing prevalence of diabetes in 2007 and future projection for 2025 [Internet]. [updated 2009]. Available from: http://www.eatlas.idf.org/html.
  20. International Diabetes Federation (2012). Diabetes Prevalence. http://www.idf.org/home/index.cfm. International diabetes federation. [Cited on January31, 2015]. Available from URL: http://www.idf.org/ membership/mena/pakistan
  21. International diabetes federation. Diabetes Atlas. Sixth Edition 2013. [Cited on January 22, 2015.] Available from URL: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
  22. Iqbal, R., Rafique, G., Badruddin, S., Qureshi, R. and Cue, R. 2007. Gray-Donald K. Increased body fat percentage and physical inactivity are independent predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus in South Asian women. Eur J ClinNutr 61:736-42.
  23. Jafar, T.H. 2006 Women in Pakistan have a greater burden of clinical cardiovascular risk factors than men. Int J Cardiol 106:348-54.
  24. Jafar, T.H., Qadri, Z., Islam, M., Hatcher, J., Bhutta, Z.A. and Chaturvedi, N. 2008 Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children. Arch Dis Child 93:373-8.
  25. Jalil, F., Moore, S.E. and Butt, N.S. 2008. Early-life risk factors for adult chronic disease: follow-;up of a cohort born during ;1964-1978 in an urban slum of Lahore, Pakistan. J Health PopulNutr 26:12-21.
  26. Khalid, N., Khan, E.A.,? Saleem, S.,? Tahir, A.,? Mahmood, H. and? Saleem, S. 2014 Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cigarette Smoking among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Pakistan. 6; 4
  27. Khuwaja, A.K., Fatmi., Z., Soomro., W.B. and Khuwaja NK. 2003. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease in school children--a pilot study. J Pak Med Assoc; 53:396-400.
  28. Khuwaja, A.K., Khowaja, L.A. and Cosgrove, P. 2010. The economic costs of diabetes in developing countries: some concerns and recommendations. Diabetologia 53:389-90.
  29. Mahar, P.S., Awan, M.Z, Manzar, N. and Memon, M.S. 2010. Prevalence of type-II diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy: the Gaddap study. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 20:528-32.
  30. Kumar, P., Clark, M. and Anderson, G. 2002. Diabetes Mellitus and other disorders of Metabolism. Types of Diabetes. Clinical Medicine (Fifth Edition); WB Saunders 2;1074-1075.
  31. Mazhar, M. 2012. Population, Labour force andemployment. chap 12. in: Pakistan eco-nomicsurvey 2012-13. government of Pakistan, ministryof finance. [Cited on January 31, 2015]. Available from: URL: http://fi?nance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_13/12-Pop?ulation.pdf
  32. National Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases and Health Promotion in Pakistan. Islamabad, Pakistan: tripartite collaboration of the Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan; WHO, Pakistan office, and Heartfile; 2004. [Cited on January 23, 2015]. Available from URL: http://www.physicalactivityplan.org/resources/Pakistan.pdf
  33. National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes 1979; 18: 1039-1057.
  34. National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Government of Pakistan. National nutrition survey 1985-87. 1988. Islamabad, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health, Government of Pakistan.
  35. Naveed, S., Ali, Z., Ahmed, S.M., Yousuf, A.M, Sameeta., and Maheshwary, A.N. 2016. Prevalence of Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetic Pak J Physiol 12(1):31?4.
  36. Nisar, N., Khan, I.A., Qadri, M.H. and Sher, S.A. 2008. Knowledge And Risk Assessment Of Diabetes Mellitus At Primary Care Level: A Preventive Approach Required Combating The Disease In A Developing Country. Pak J Med Sci October - December 1 (24): 5 pp 667-672.
  37. Nishtar S, Shera S. Diabetes prevention and control as a part of an integrated non-communicable disease strategy: the Pakistan approach. Practical DiabetesInt 2006; 23:332-4.
  38. Sheikh, R.A., Jabbar, A., Michels, R.P. and DeVries, J.H. 2008. Metabolic risk factors, insulin-resistance and lifestyle in children of type 2 diabetes patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Diabetes Res ClinPract 80:399-404.
  39. Shah,?P.,?Basu,?A.,?Basu,?R.? andRizza,?R. ?1999?Impact of lack of suppression of glucagon on glucose tolerance in humans.?American Journal of Physiology?277: 283?290.
  40. Shera, A., Rafique, G., Khwaja, I.A., Baqai, S., Khan, I..and King, H. 1995. Pakistan national diabetes survey: prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated factors in Shikarpur, Sindh Province. Diab Med 12: 1116-21.
  41. Shera, A., Rafique, G., Khwaja, I.A., Baqai, S., Khan, I..and King, H. 1999. Pakistan national diabetes survey: prevalence of glucose intolerance and associated factors in North West Frontier Province (NWFP) of Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc 49: 206-11.
  42. Shera, A.S, Jawad, , Maqsood,? A., Jamal, S., Azfar,? M. and Ahmed,? U. 2004.? Prevalence of chronic complicationsand associated factors in type-2 diabetes. J Pak Med Assoc? 54:54-9.
  43. Shera, A.S., Jawad, F. and Maqsood, ? 2007. Prevalence of diabetes in Pakistan.Diab Res ClinPract 76:219-22.
  44. The World Bank. Data, population total. Pakistan. [Online] [Cited 2015 August 12]. Available from: URL:// data worldbank.org/ indicator/ SP.POP.TOTL.
  45. Vileikyte, L. 2005. The psychosocial impact of diabeticfootdamage.Diab Voice 50;11-13.
  46. WHO Diabetes. [online] 2009 [cited 2010 July19]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/
  47. World Health Organization Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus. Second WHO Technical Report,Series 646. Geneva: World Health Organization 1980.
  48. World health Organization (WHO 1999).Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus.Defination and diagnostic criteria for Diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance.Report of a WHO consultation; pp: 04.
  49. World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases. Fact sheet. Updated January 2015. [Cited on January 31, 2015]. mechanism/publications/global-status-report-ncds-2014-eng.pdf.
  50. Zafar, M.Z., Riaz, M., Asim, M., Bashir, T., Ahsan, M. and Abu-Huzaifa M. (2017)Prevalence of Complexities Hypertension Associated with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross Sectional StudyDiversity and Equality in Health and Care 14(6): 313-315
  51. Zimmet, P., Alberti, K.G., and Shaw, J. 2001. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 414, 782?787.
  52. Zuhaid M, Zahir K.K., Inayat and Diju I.U. 2012.? Knowledge and perception of? Diabetes in Urban and Semi urban population of? Peshawar Pakistan J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad ;24(1).

[Farhad Hussain laghari, Hafeeza Gul , Yasmeen Gull sarwar , Mehwish Alais Bakhatawar Bhatti , Raheela Mangi and Fozia Wassan. (2018); REVIEW ON THE PREVALENCE OF DIABETES MELLITUS SINDH PROVINCE OF PAKISTAN. Int. J. of Adv. Res. 6 (Oct). 17-21] (ISSN 2320-5407). www.journalijar.com

Hafeeza Gul
Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif university Khairpur.

DOI:

Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/7779      
DOI URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/7779

Download Full Paper

Download PDF No. of Downloads: 87 | No. of Views: 362