APPROACHES TO NANO-BASED VACCINES TOWARDS SARS-COV-2 MANAGEMENT

For a year now, since the world began to be struck with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, incidents of the outbreak are still increasing at an alarming rate considering that the virus has evolved and new strains have come out. The urgency for treatment of this SARS-CoV-2 has triggered the pharmaceutical companies to produce and manufacture antiviral medications and diagnostic tools. Since 2004, the pharmaceutical companies have been studying and discovering the great potential of nanotechnology for drug therapy. Nano-based drug delivery has gained an edge in disease management and has proven a pronounced and fast therapeutic activity over the traditional dosage form especially on the nanomedicines employed currently for coronavirus treatment. Reviewed in this article are the important characteristic nature of nanoparticles including the various nanomaterials that can be employed for its drug design that delivers optimum therapeutic activity. Also, the mechanism of how nanodecoys work in trapping and inhibiting viral entry as well as nano-based vaccines. Presently, nano-based vaccines have been formulated which showed a great extent of activity towards eliciting enhanced immunity. And now, these vaccines have been distributed worldwide after undergoing Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Statistics showed that millions of the individuals worldwide have received the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 from the different pharmaceutical companies.  With the recent positive advancements on nanomedicine therapies, the possibility of complete eradication of any diseases most particularly the current SARS-CoV-2 scare will be materialized. Hence, nanoparticles truly plays a huge contribution in the possible success for the complete treatment of coronavirus infection. In this article, the important contributions and advantages of the use of nanotechnology in the formulation of vaccines are highlighted as a promising medication to help fight against the attack of SARS-CoV-2.