STUDY AND CORRELATION OF ANTI THYROID PEROXIDASE ANTIBODY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY FINDINGS OF THYROID IN PATIENTS OF THYROID DISEASES

Aim: To determine Anti thyroid peroxidase antibody and ultrasonography features of thyroid gland in thyroid disorder patients and study their correlation.

Design: This is an observational, cross sectional study and techniques used are clinical and non-invasive.

Method: Thyroid function tests, Anti-thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO)antibody and ultrasonography neck were performed in 150 patients .Eligible participants were adults of age group 15-70 years with deranged thyroid function tests . Pregnant patients and patients already on thyroid medications were excluded from the study The participants were classified as overt , subclinical hypothyroid or overt, subclinical hyperthyroid. Anti thyroid peroxidase antibody and ultrasonography neck findings obtained were analyzed and correlated using statistical methods.

Statistical Analysis: Frequency and percentage were calculated and test of significance such as Chi square test, T test were used. Correlation was assessed using Spearmans correlation coefficient p=<0.05 is considered significant.

Result: From January 2020 to August 2021, 150 patients participated in the study in which 50%(n=75) patients were found to be subclinical hypothyroid, 21.3%(n=32) were overt hypothyroid, 21.3% (n=32) were overt hyperthyroid , 6% (n=09) were subclinical hyperthyroid and 1.3%(n=2) were euthyroid with thyroid swelling. 51.3%(n=77) patients had diffuse thyroid disease on ultrasonography neck, normal gland in 19.3%(n=29) patients, thyroiditis in 11.3%(n=17) patients ,Multinodular goiter in 10.6%(n=16) patients, nodule in 6%(n=09) and atrophic gland in 1.34%(n=02) patients. Anti thyroid peroxidase was positive in 62%(n=93) patients. Among patients with diffuse hypoechogenecity on ultrasonography 85%(n=80) patients had positive Anti-TPO antibody with p value 0.05.

Conclusion: Maximum number of patients with thyroid diseases had a positive Anti thyroid peroxidase antibody that suggests autoimmunity as a major etiology of thyroid disease.Among patients with diffuse hypogenecity on USG,85%(n=80)patients had positive Anti-TPO antibody with statistical significance(p 0.05). Ultrasonography neck is  non invasive ,safe and cost effective method to ascertain the cause of thyroid disease and has a major role in predicting prognosis of the disease.

Abbreviations: Anti thyroid peroxidase antibody-Anti-TPO antibody Ultrasonography-USG.