VULNERABILITY OF WATER RESOURCES TO DROUGHT RISK AND FLOOD PREVENTION IN MONO RIVER BASIN (GULF OF GUINEA REGION)

The Mono River Basin in the Gulf of Guinea region faces significant challenges due to climatic variability, resulting in heightened vulnerability of its water resources to both drought and flood risks. This article explores the susceptibility of the basins water resources to drought, as measured by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Standardized Groundwater Index (SGI), and investigates flood prevention strategies using Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves. The study also, aims to establish a correlation between these indices (SPI, SPEI) and SGI index to develop a comprehensive understanding of the regions hydroclimatic dynamics. The results show that, for each return period, more IDF duration increases, more intensity decreases. Additionally, the results indicate that the Mono Basin experiencedsignificant drought events in2000-2006, 2014-2016 and 2018-2020. Regarding the correlation analysis between the SPI, SPEI, and SGI, the results indicate that the SPEI exhibits a good correlation with the SGI for accumulation periods of 12–48 months.