PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS: INSIGHTS FROM THE RADIOTHERAPY DEPARTMENT AT HASSAN II UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, FES, MOROCCO

Introduction: Pediatric brain tumors are the second most common type of cancer in children, and despite improvements in diagnosis and treatment, they remain a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. This study aims to describe the clinical, epidemiological, and therapeutic characteristics of children treated for brain tumors at Hassan II University Hospital, Fes.

Methods: A retrospective study of 38 children under 15 years old diagnosed with primary brain tumors between January 2013 and December 2022. Data on clinical presentation, tumor type, treatment, and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 7.37 years, with a male predominance (58%). Most patients presented with intracranial hypertension (78%) and neurological deficits (44%). Medulloblastoma (42.1%) was the most common tumor type. Surgical intervention was performed in all cases, with 55.26% achieving complete resection. Radiotherapy was used in 86%, and chemotherapy in 44.7%. Acute toxicities included nausea and hematological complications, while late effects included cognitive delays and sensory impairments. Remission was achieved in 89.47% of patients within three months, with a 39.47% mortality rate.

Conclusion: While treatment for pediatric brain tumors has improved, the risk of recurrence and long-term complications remains a significant challenge. Early diagnosis and tailored treatment protocols are crucial for improving survival and quality of life in these patients.