KALIBANGAN: A TESTIMONY TO THE INDIAN TRADITION OF ANCIENT URBAN PLANNING

Introduction: – The roots of the history of India have been very ancient and advanced. Civilizations here have not only been progressive but also strong cultures. The city also presents an unparalleled example in construction and public infrastructure. Among the oldest civilizations of the world, the relationship of the Indus-Saraswati civilization is not limited to just bricks and cities and commercial activities, it is not only well-organized but also shows a clear association of advanced lifestyle, agriculture, and religious traditions.The city of Kalibangan, located in the Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, is of extraordinary importance. Kalibangan was discovered in 1953 by Amlandand Ghosh, and later from 1961 to 1969, intensive excavation work was done under the direction of B.B. Lal of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). The souvenirs obtained from the excavation have been a major center of not only Kalibangan but also Harappan culture. In Indian history, it has also become an authentic quote of town planning and urban culture. The biggest feature of Kalibangan is its organized town planning, the city was divided into two parts, one part was divided into a citadel and the lower part was divided into a lower city. Which is the declarant of administrative and social order. The roads on the grid system were extensive, the drainage system was covered and well-maintained, and the building was constructed in a planned manner. Not only this, it is related to agriculture obtained from here.