SUSTAINABILITY AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN RURAL WATER GOVERNANCE: EVIDENCE FROM THE JAL JEEVAN MISSION IN KARNATAKA

This study investigates the sustainability of the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) and the relationship between community involvement and educational qualification across selected districts of Karnataka. Using quantitative data collected from 692 households through structured questionnaires, the study employs ANOVA and correlation analyses to assess variations in sustainability and community engagement. The results indicate significant differences in the sustainability of JJM schemes across districts, highlighting the influence of local governance, environmental conditions, and institutional efficiency. However, the correlation analysis shows no significant relationship between education level and community participation, suggesting that social mobilization and awareness initiatives may be more critical determinants of involvement than formal education. The findings emphasize the need for localized planning, continuous capacity building, and the strengthening of Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) to ensure equitable and sustainable water access. Future research should integrate qualitative insights and longitudinal assessments to evaluate behavioural and institutional changes influencing the long-term success of rural water supply programs.