IMPACT DE LUTILISATION ET L OCCUPATION DES SOLS SUR LA GESTION DE LEAU DANS UN CONTEXTE DE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE : CAS DE LA ZONE DE MBEWANI (OFFICE DU NIGER, MALI)

This study deals with the impact of land use dynamics on water resource management in the agricultural area of MBewani. The main objective of the work is to analyze land use changes over a period of 26 years (1997-2023). To achieve this goal, land use maps were produced for the years 1997, 2013 and 2023. These were validated with a Kappa Coefficient of 92%, 97% and 96% respectively for the years 1997, 2013 and 2023. Between 1997 and 2023, the area of land developed for agriculture increased significantly. In 1997, sugarcane plots and rice plots occupied 5.63% and 8.49% of the study area, respectively, while in 2023, this proportion increased to approximately 20.71% and 21.52%. This expansion was to the detriment of aquatic areas and natural spaces. At the same time, the areas covered by water (2.62%) in 1997 decreased to only 0.59% in 2023, due to the increase in agricultural land and the impacts of climate change on the availability of water resources. Trees and shrubs, once scattered throughout the study area, have experienced a notable increase around irrigation infrastructure. Between 1997 and 2023, vegetation (trees and shrubs) decreased from 23.20% to 22% in these areas, probably related to leaks or water losses in irrigation systems. Another objective is to integrate climate data to understand the evolution of precipitation and water resources over a 32-years period 1992-2023.This study deals with the impact of land use dynamics on water resource management in the agricultural area of MBewani. The main objective of the work is to analyze land use changes over a period of 26 years (1997-2023). To achieve this goal, land use maps were produced for the years 1997, 2013 and 2023. These were validated with a Kappa Coefficient of 92%, 97% and 96% respectively for the years 1997, 2013 and 2023. Between 1997 and 2023, the area of land developed for agriculture increased significantly. In 1997, sugarcane plots and rice plots occupied 5.63% and 8.49% of the study area, respectively, while in 2023, this proportion increased to approximately 20.71% and 21.52%.