THE IMPACT OF DIVERSE CHEMICAL MODIFICATIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA BAST FIBER

This study examines the chemical surface modification of Calotropis gigantea (CG) bast fiber to enhance its performance as a reinforcement material in polymer composites. Fibers were treated with sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, sodium chlorite, and benzoyl chloride and their effects on physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties were evaluated. Characterization techniques included density measurement, tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and surface morphology analysis. The alkali-treated CG fiber exhibited superior performance, with a tensile strength of 210.39 MPa and a Youngs modulus of 1.77 GPa. Furthermore, the crystallinity index increased by 25.37% compared to untreated fibers. The results indicate that chemical treatment, particularly alkali treatment, significantly enhances interfacial and structural properties of CG fibers. These improvements demonstrate the potential of chemically modified CG bast fiber as a sustainable and efficient reinforcement for polymer composite applications.