GLAUCOMA NEUROPROTECTION: SCOPE OF RASAYANA THERAPY IN OPTIC NERVE PRESERVATION -A CRITICAL REVIEW

Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), optic nerve damage, and corresponding visual field defects. Although reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) remains the primary therapeutic strategy, disease progression may continue despite adequate pressure control, highlighting the need for neuroprotective interventions. Neuroprotection aims to preserve retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve integrity by targeting oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and vascular dysregulation. Ayurveda offers a unique perspective through the concept of Rasayana therapy, which is traditionally indicated for tissue rejuvenation, enhancement of vitality, and prevention of degeneration. Several Rasayana drugs such as Ashwagandha, Guduchi, Amalaki, Yashtimadhu, and Shankhapushpi possess antioxidant, anti inflammatory, anti apoptotic, and neuroregenerative properties demonstrated in experimental studies. This review critically evaluates the potential role of Rasayana therapy in glaucoma-associated neurodegeneration and explores its scope in optic nerve preservation. Integration of contemporary neuroprotective concepts with Ayurvedic Rasayana principles may provide promising adjunctive strategies for glaucoma management. However, well-designed clinical studies are necessary to establish efficacy and safety in human subjects.