ORAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF SEMAGLUTIDE (GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR AGONIST) THERAPY: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH EVIDENCE GRADING AND CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Background: Semaglutide, a long-acting glucagon - like peptide -1 receptor agonist, is among the most rapidly adopted medications globally for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. As prescriptions exceeded nine million quarterly in the United States by end-2022, dental clinicians worldwide have observed a distinct pattern of accelerated oral deterioration in users. No systematic review consolidating oral health consequences across all relevant clinical domains has previously appeared in the oral pathology literature. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement. Structured searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (inception to June 2026). All study designs examining semaglutide or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy in relation to oral health outcomes were eligible. Evidence certainty was rated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.