DYNAMIQUE SPATIO-TEMPORELLE DE LA PRODUCTIVITE DES TERRES ET INFLUENCE DES FACTEURS CLIMATIQUES ET ANTHROPIQUES DANS LA COMMUNE RURALE DE BOUNE (SUD-EST DU NIGER)

Land degradation is a major challenge in the Sahelian regions, where ecosystem dynamics result from the interaction between climate variability and anthropogenic pressures. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of vegetation productivity in the rural commune of Boune between 2002 and 2024 and examines the respective influences of climatic and anthropogenic factors. Annual NDVI composites were generated from time series of Landsat 5 TM, 7 ETM+, 8 OLI, and 9 OLI-2 images, processed using Google Earth Engine. Productivity trends were assessed using Sens slope and the Mann-Kendall test. Climate-productivity relationships and non-climatic factors were analyzed using multivariate regressions, the RESTREND method, and ANOVA. In addition, land-use maps were produced for 2002, 2013, and 2024 using supervised classification based on the maximum likelihood method, while a map of management practices was developed through the interpolation of survey data.The results reveal mixed trends in plant productivity. Between 2002 and 2013, 42% of the municipal land area showed improved productivity, compared with 18% that deteriorated and 40% that remained stable. Between 2013 and 2024, the proportion of land showing improvement drops to 25%, while the proportion showing decline rises to 30%. This functional shift coincides with a remarkable expansion of agricultural land, which increased from 31% to 43% of the municipalitys total area between 2002 and 2024, at the expense of pastureland, which declined from 41% to 32%.