DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : A LITERATURE REVIEW

Children with intellectual disabilities (ID) may experience distinct oral health needs and challenges accessing and receiving dental care. Cognitive, communication, sensory, behavioral, medical, and social factors can influence their ability to tolerate dental procedures and maintain adequate oral hygiene. Although studies frequently report greater plaque accumulation, poorer gingival health, and unmet restorative needs among children with ID, caries findings are heterogeneous and vary across populations and diagnostic subgroups. Dental care may also be affected by caregiver demands, financial limitations, transportation difficulties, inadequate provider training, and limited availability of appropriately equipped services.This narrative review examines the oral health status of children with ID and discusses barriers to dental care, behavior guidance, pharmacological management, preventive strategies, and professional education. Particular attention is given to individualized behavior management, sensory-adapted environments, caregiver-supported prevention, anesthesia selection, and informed consent. The literature supports an individualized, prevention-centered approach that combines accessible communication, environmental modification, appropriate behavior guidance, and pharmacological techniques when clinically indicated. General anesthesia may be necessary for comprehensive treatment when other approaches are insufficient.