Histpathological and Immunohistochemical Changes Induced by Contraceptive Pills in Female Rabbits Uterus

The present study focuses on evaluating the effect of two different contraceptive pills including combined pills (estrogen and progesterone) and mini pills (progesterone only) on the uterus of female rabbit . After three month of daily oral administration of these contraceptive pills the animals were sacrificed. The excised organs were dissected, processed and stained with H & E, PAS and Masson’s trichrome, orcen stain and anti alpha smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical reaction. This was followed by morphometric measurements and statistical study. This study revealed that contraceptive pills administration specially the combined one caused marked alterations in the form of hyperplasia in uterine mucosal cells and hypertrophied muscles in muscular layers. Also, a statistically significant increase in collagenous and elastic fibers content in myometrium layer in the uterus . There was also a statistically significant increase in the PAS reaction in the lumen of the mucosal glands in uterus.an intensive asma immunohistochemical reaction was noticed also in the myometrium smooth muscle. All these changes were less marked after mini pill treatment . Conclusion: Progesterone only pills could be safer on uterus as a contraceptive mean when compared to combined pills.