ASSOCIATION OF ADIPONECTIN GENE POLYMORPHISM rs266729 WITH ADIPONECTIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT CVD. IN AL-NAJAF GOVERNORATE, IRAQ.

Background:- Cardiovascular diseases are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. Adiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted protein with insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic properties. Many studies demonstrated that polymorphisms within the adiponectin gene could be associated in T2DM with and without CVD. Methods:- A case-control study was conducted to find the association between SNP rs266729 in T2DM with and without CVD in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. The study included 203 T2DM patients with CVD randomly selected based on World Health Organization (WHO) guideline and 133 T2DM patients without CVD as controls group. DNA was extracted from blood and genotyped by PCR-RFLP by using (Hha1) enzyme. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to compare the proportions of genotypes and alleles. The odds ratio for risk of developing CVD in T2DM was calculated with and without adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. Results:- The frequency of G allele of rs266729 (C/G) polymorphism was significantly lower (p=0.0001) in T2DM with CVD (27.3%) compared to that without CVD (33.08%). The homozygous genotype (GG) significantly (0R=7.570, CI 95%(1.597-32.530), P= 0.011) increased the risk of T2DM with CVD seven folds with respect to those of the wild type (CC) after adjustment age, sex, and BMI, furthermore the heterozygous (CG) genotype significantly [0R=2.818,CI 95%(1.00-12.596), P= 0.050] raised the risk of T2DM with CVD by two folds. Homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of rs266729 polymorphism exhibited significant association with decreased adiponectin levels (P= 0.08). Conclusion:- Adiponectin gene polymorphism rs266729 is involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM with CVD. In addition this SNP may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome by affecting HDL and adiponectin levels.