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Visual arts have been part of the human experience throughout history and are embedded in our daily lives. Visual art offers enjoyment, delight and stimulates imagination. Visual art describes, defines and develops human experience in ways that are personal as well as global, real and magical. The importance of art education is as an essential area of quality education for peace and sustainable development. Using ICT (Information Communication Technology) in art and design is a new area of experience for both learners and teachers. There is believable evidence that participation in the arts can have a powerful impact for student on achievement in other areas of the curriculum. This will enable children to choose the most appropriate tools in the future. ICT blurs the boundary between traditional art forms providing opportunities to express ideas in many different ways. Keeping in mind the benefits of ICT in education an experiment was done by imparting ICT based Art Education to higher secondary school students. The experiment revealed positive result of the ICT in teaching learning of Art Education. This paper highlights the major findings of the experimental and implication the teachers and students of higher secondary education.

In this study, four biomarkers, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Glutathione-s-transferase (GST), Metallothioneines (MT) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured, during spring 2013, in indigenous mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis from five sites of Moroccan Atlantic center coast, subjected to the impact of anthropogenic activities. The results show a general stress in the studied area, with three groups of stations. The first one includes mussels from station S1 with low MDA and MT activities. The second encompasses the most polluted stations (S4 and S5) with high MT and MDA activities as well as low AChE and high GST activities. Lastly, mussels from the least polluted stations (S2 and S3) characterized by moderate MDA and MT levels, low GST and high AChE activities. The results indicate that the biochemical alterations observed in the mussel digestive gland could be used as suitable biomarkers for evaluating environmental quality of the media based on the biological assessing methods and can provide early warning information on the impact of contaminants on marine environment.

The understanding of teachers in special schools for the deaf about developing audiovisual learning media for deaf students are still minimal, causing the need for a training to overcome these problems. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the implementation of in-house training provided can improve teachers\' understanding of the development of audiovisual learning media for deaf and hard-of-hearing students in special school. The design of audiovisual learning media is based on previous study. There are eight elements considered in the design: subtitle, legibility, font, colour, text speed, animation, window positioning and focus. This research is carried out in three specialized school for the deaf. We choose mathematics and science, for instance biology, as sample learning audiovisual media. The participants for this research are teachers from three special schools: SLB.B Tabanan, SLB.B Denpasar and SLB.B Jimbaran. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test strongly suggests improvement in understanding in developing audiovisual learning media for the deaf and hard-of-hearing students.

When a quantum system interacts with the environment its superposition or coherence can be lost. Thus there will be decoherence. Decoherence causes loss of information. For effective information processing the quantum states should be protected from decoherence. We employ weak measurement and measurement reversal to reduce decoherence in a single qubit quantum state interacting with the environmental noise due to amplitude damping. To study the variation in decoherence, the trace distance is investigated. The trace distances for different weak measurement strength ?m?, and decoherence magnitude ?D? are calculated. It is seen that through weak measurement and measurement reversal, decoherence in the system can be reduced considerably.

Effects of three different types of ploughing (light, middle and deep) on physical parameters of a tropical ferruginous soil of the Northern Benin, and their consequences on the growth and grain yield of two varieties of maize has been examined. The ploughing was achieved with a disk plow and the other cultural operations achieved manually. Results showed that tillage to important depth manipulates important quantity of soil, what makes it vulnerable to the deterioration. The impact of the ploughing depths was very important on the crumbling of soil, the profusion and especially the infiltration of water. Two varieties of corn TZEE-W-SR and DMR-ESR-WS have been experimented to the different depths of ploughing. The cultures showed a better vegetative development and an optimal output around 20 cm depth of ploughing.

This work is on strategic planning process and its effects on employee procurement in AC Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Enugu, Nigeria. Successful organisations are those that have a strategic planning for obtaining the right number and the right kind of employees. The objectives of the study were to ascertain strategic planning features that bear on employee procurement and to determine the impact of strategic planning on employee procurement. The work concluded that organisation employs strategic planning process in employee procurement; strategic planning process ensures survival of organisation; it ensures procurement of the right number and right kind of employees; it exposes future demand pattern of employee procurement; it provides a guide to employee evaluation; and it sets training guide for employee. Therefore the work recommended that employee procurement process should base on wide consultation; it should be comprehensive; it should be systematic; it should be flexible to adapt to changing situations and organisation should monitor employee procurement process.

The study was designed to explore the role of imaging and clinical parameters as predictors of atrial fibrillation recurrence at 1 year after cryoballoon ablation. We included 70 patients who underwent their first cryoballoon ablation with available pre-procedural cardiac MRI study . We divided them into two groups according to AF recurrence at one year. Group A included 14 patients who developed AF recurrence at one year, while group B included 56 patients who remained arrhythmia-free at one year. Univariate analysis revealed a significant difference between both groups in ; age (66?10 years and 55?10 years, for group A and B respectively, p 0.05), left atrial diameter (47.8 ?6.6 mm and 40.5 ? 5.6 mm, for group A and B respectively, p 0.001), hypertension (71.4% and 28.6% of group A and B patients respectively, p 0.03), persistent AF (50.0% and 19.6% of group A and B patients respectively, p 0.05) and ERAF (57.1% and 12.5% of group A and B patients respectively, p 0.001). In subsequent multivariate regression analysis, the most significant predictor for recurrence is age. The odds of recurrence increased by 20% per one year increase in age. Moreover, one unit increase in left atrial diameter increased the chance of recurrence by 13%. Conclusion; We concluded that age and left atrial diameter are independent predictors for AF recurrence after cryoballoon ablation. We highlight the importance of proper assessment of the risk of arrhythmia recurrence before referring the patient for ablation.

This work is on assessing the reasons for acceptance of monetary motivational strategies or non-monetary strategies in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Anambra State of Nigeria. One of the major clogs to workers performance in Nigeria is their unwillingness to exert themselves in their working environment. The objectives of the study are to identify determinants of motivational strategies; to determine non-monetary motivation strategies for organization performance and to highlight the effects of non-monetary motivation strategies on organization performance. The work concluded that, non-monetary motivation strategies have little effect on worker performance in Sub-Saharan Africa; Instability in the polity favours monetary incentive; instability in the organization explains the choice of monetary motivation strategy; individual perception influences choice of motivation strategy; and corruption in the system favours monetary motivation strategy. Therefore the work recommended that non-monetary motivation strategies should be explored as alternative to or use in combination with monetary motivation strategy.

The marine circulation of Cintra (23?08?N-16?20?W) and Dakhla (23?30?N-16?W) bays located at the Dakhla Oued Eddahab area in the south of Morocco have been studied from October to November 2016 by 2D hydrodynamic model. This study aims to understand their marine circulation and to compare their hydrodynamic functioning. Mainly governed by M2 tide and wind, currents in Dakhla bay are bidirectional and very strong in intensity near the inlet of the bay and its surrounding area (between 1 and 2 m.s-1) during spring tides. During the neap tides, their intensity are less than 0.6 m.s-1 in its central and northern parts of the bays. At Cintra?s bay, the currents are generally strong in intensity (mainly > 0.5 m.s-1) outside the bay. Inside this bay, their intensity are less than 0.3 m.s-1 and they are generally oriented to the south of the bay due to the influence of the trade winds (N to NE),

This paper presents an investigation in power system for compensation of reactive power and harmonics of 13-level cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter. Due to their many advantages in terms of low power dissipation on power supplies, low harmonic contents, the topologies of multilevel inverters are being used in medium and high power applications such as an active power filter, FACTS devices and a machine current. To control the multilevel inverter, the selected switching techniques play an important role on elimination of harmonic distortion in generated output voltage. We can use ?s? dc sources for 2s+1 level for calculating the number of levels. This model is used to calculate the instantaneous reactive power and design a control scheme using abc coordinates for reactive power compensation. The simulation result of MATLAB/Simulink software indicates the superior performance of the proposed control system as well as the precision of the proposed models.

This paper is based on an empirical study of women\'s folksongs of Uttar Pradesh. Folksongs are a rich source for understanding the place of women in Hindu society. The significance of these folksongs lies in their suggesting and hinting at themes, rather than directly addressing them, women sing what they often cannot talk about. Folksongs deal with women\'s common wishes, unfulfilled desires, hopes, disappointments, unexpressed emotions, and their reactions to their social environment. These voices also highlight rural women?s relationship with land, and their own perceptions of significance of independent land rights in their lives.Women would not answer direct questions but freely sing about labor practices and rights to land. This paper highlights the very important safety-valve function of these folk songs in which women are afforded an opportunity to express their bottled-up feelings and their longings in a socially acceptable form.

Purpose of the study is to examine effect of organizational commitment on performance of employees in Distance Education Units (DEUs) of Universitas Terbuka (UT) of Central Java. The research is a hypothesis testing one with a causal model examining relationship of variables with each other. The study used individuals working in The Universitas Terbuka of Central Java region as unit of analysis. Sample of study was part of the employee population taken as data source and they can represent the entire population. The sample was taken by means of census and all employees of DEUs of Central Java amounting to 156 employees were used as research sample (census). Results of the study provided evidence that affective commitment of employees had an insignificant positive effect on performance. The results also showed that normative commitment and continuance commitment of employees to make a change had a significant positive effect on performance.

A research study was conducted in the rangelands of Nuer pastoral area, Gambella, with the objective of investigating the herbaceous and woody vegetation composition of the rangeland. The pastoral area was stratified by districts namely: Itang and Jikawo and each district is further divided into four major grazing types (communal grazing, seasonal grazing, river basins and less grazed). The result revealed a total of 42 grass species, 5 legume species, 3 sedges and 9 non-grass herbaceous species and 31 tree/shrub species in the districts. Hyparrhenia rufa dominated the less grazed areas of the two districts. In seasonally grazed areas of Itang and Jikawo districts, H. filipendula and H. hirta, respectively were dominated. Echinochloa species were dominant in communally grazed areas and river basins of both districts. Accacia and Grewia species were found to be common and Combretom species were observed in the districts. There were significant (p<0.05) differences among the major grazing areas in their woody vegetation density. In Itang, there were 379; 300 No/ha, in less and moderately grazed areas and < 80 No/ha in the communal lands and river basins. While, in the stated grazing areas of Jikawo the density of trees/shrubs were: 408; 329 and <90 No/ha, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the floristic composition of the communally grazed and river basins the rangelands have highly affected by over grazing and invasion of unwanted species. This situation should be reverted through employing proper grazing systems, rehabilitation and conservation.

Today\\\'s social reality forces us to be able to interact with various forms of socialization, old and new, such as the internet and new social networks, interactive communication platforms and using multiple reading / writing practices in associated textual, digital and virtual genres To various technologies and functionalities coexisting in our technological, literate, technological and network societies. As a reference to such background dynamics, this text presents an exploratory case study of information transfer in contemporary epistolary writing networks, in which the sociocultural perspective of Information is sought to be cross-referenced with the application of the Sociological Analysis of Social Networks Actor-Network) and the principle of \\\"dynamic use\\\" of the network concept (L. Pineau, 1994: 24). In this conceptual and methodological framework, the study focuses on the epistolary collection of Jorge de Sena and M?cia de Sena (Portugal, Brazil, USA, 1940-70) outstanding figures of Portuguese literature and culture, aiming to understand the use of communication and information And the application of local-global knowledge in intellectual communities. Following the social actors, typologies and elements of \\\"social networks\\\" are observed in this epistolary dialogue that feeds and redefines action and knowledge, academic work and research, literary creation and intercultural relations, means of illustration of information mediation to its socio-cultural dimension. It concludes by the importance of the approximation of Information Science to the Social Studies of Sciences and Technologies that allow to understand social processes and technological innovation, and relevance of this approach in the skills of the information manager in the 21st century.

Practice Teaching is of paramount significance among the teacher education curricular undertakings for it necessitates an adequate knowledge on theories and immersion into the real world of teaching. Practice Teaching provides student teachers the opportune time to experience the actual daily classroom encounter between the students and the teacher. Hence, it must be given full attention to make it more effective for both processes?teaching and learning. Considering the importance of the aforesaid, the study was designed to identify the relationship of the emotional problems and teaching performances of practice teachers at the San Jose City National High School (SJCNHS), Philippines. The emotional problems are about anxiety, lack of confidence and sensitivity wherein the practice teachers might be experiencing during the conduct of the practice teaching program. Meanwhile, the components of the teaching performance are professionalism, instruction, and classroom management. A questionnaire of twenty items was prepared and administered personally to 50 practice teachers in SJCNHS. The data were tabulated and presented in Mean, Percentage, Frequency, and Standard Deviation. The findings revealed that there is no relationship between age, gender, and specialization to the teaching performance of the practice teachers. However, the results showed that there is a significant relationship between the emotional problem and teaching performance of the practice teachers, which means that the more emotional problems practice teachers confront, the lower the efficiency of their teaching performance become.

Two dogs were presented with history of canine erhlichiosis to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Comples, C.V.Sc, Korutla, Telangana. Two dogs were come with complaint of pale yellow conjuctival and buccal mucous membrane, high temperature, gradual dyspepsia from one month, passing yellow urine, discharge from the nose and eyes, edema of the legs, scrotum, vocational vomitions and patchy lesions on the body. Serological reports (Snap 4DX test) showed that positive for Ehrlichiosis organism. The oxytetracycline injection was continued for 4 day until stoppage of vomitions and fallowed by doxycycline @ 10mg/kg/body weight orally for 3 weeks along with liver tonic. After 24 days of treatment both dogs were become normal and active.

Local free-range eggs in Lebanon are favored by consumers, but are often sold without prior cleaning or processing. Eggs were proved to be a major source of many enteric pathogens that can cause varying episodes of gastroenteritis, this study was designed to investigate the surface contamination of free range egg shells. The tested eggs were purchased from 11 stores located in different regions of Lebanon. The results revealed that many members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, that are present in chicken feces, including Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and others, were isolated, however it was noted that Salmonella spp. were not among the isolates. The presence of these organisms, in the eggs obtained from different areas, confirmed that there was a trend not to clean or process these eggs in any way before sending them to the stores for sale. The mere isolation of fecal organisms, indicated that the eggs can, at any time, be contaminated with Salmonella spp. and other dangerous enteric bacteria, and thus endanger the health of the customers. It is required that public health protective measures, be enforced immediately to protect the consumers from what is currently an obvious health hazard.

The goal of this research is to learn and evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the act of TNI civic action to build villages (TMMD) in order to create the awareness of national defense in the attempt of increasing the endurance of the defense and security in the Sub-District of Bantur, Malang Regency. This research uses the qualitative method with the discrepancy evaluation method. The data are collected through interview, observation, questionnaire, group discussion and documentation study. The result of this research shows that the act TMMD of 2014 in Sub-District of Bantur, Malang Regency through the physical and non-physical activities in order to create the awareness of national defense in attempt to increase the endurance of the defense and security is not effective and efficient yet.

In spite of all that is known about project management best practices, they are often absent from typical construction projects in India. Our experience is such that weak project management practices continue to be a common place in construction industry, particularly in developing countries. Poorly managed projects cost all stakeholders a huge amount not just financially but also psychologically and emotionally. It has motivated us to carry out the working and functioning of a project using the modern project management tool available in the market; and then comparing it with the traditional software (Excel) which is being use. We carried on an online survey focusing on all the stakeholders related to the project with a view to obtain an idea of various project management practices in construction industry. Notably, 80% of the total construction industries in India still use traditional software Microsoft Excel for planning, scheduling and controlling of their projects and 86% felt the need for adapting to new software. We then approached a Pune based construction company in which Excel is still the dominant source of managing the projects. We expressed them our visions and desire to work on one of their projects using Microsoft Project. We carried on the planning & scheduling of the building using Microsoft Project tool. The results obtained were considerably positive than those using traditional software.

Magnetic fluids are basically classified into two categories; first one is ferromagnetic fluids (or ferrofluids) and another one is magnetorheological fluids. Ferromagnetic fluids are colloidal suspensions of very fine magnetic particles (~10 nm), whereas magnetorheological fluids are suspensions of larger magnetic particles, which are usually non-stable. In this review article we mainly focused on ferromagnetic fluids. We review the general classification of ferromagnetic fluids, properties of ferromagnetic fluids and applications of ferromagnetic fluids. A large portion of this review included the results of maximum work which has been done in stability of ferromagnetic fluids till the present.

Background: Ultrasound in the form of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has found various applications in medical therapies including bone healing. Orthodontic tooth movement is a lengthy procedure owing to the slow process of bone remodelling. Various pharmacological aids have been utilized in accelerating this tooth movement. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of LIPUS in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted on thirty young adults undergoing orthodontic treatment. LIPUS was applied to the right maxillary quadrant at two week intervals whereas the left maxillary quadrant was considered as control. The amount of space closure was measured at the beginning of treatment, one month and three months after beginning of treatment. Data was entered in excel sheet and statistical analysis done. Results: LIPUS showed a significant acceleration in orthodontic tooth movement when compared to non-treatment side. Conclusion: LIPUS can be used as an effective tool in reducing the duration of orthodontic treatment by accelerating the rate of tooth movement.

Introduction: Oral health-related quality of life represents the subjective experience of symptoms related to oral conditions that have an impact on well-being. 1The relation between the quality of life and oral health is defined as the evaluation, both from a personal and a medical point of view, of the way in which functional, psychological, social factors and traumatizing and uncomfortable experiences affect an individual?s well-being.2The purpose of the study was to determine oral health status of under graduate dental students of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar. Method: This pilot study was conducted at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal between February2016 ?February 2017.The cases were evaluated for periodontal examination. The oral hygiene of six selected teeth was assessed using plaque index (PI) of Sillness and Loe (1964), gingival index (GI) of Loe and Silness (1963). Sterile dental mouth mirrors and explorers were used to assess plaque accumulation and William?s periodontal probe to assess the gingival status. The Community periodontal index was used to assess the periodontal status with a CPI probe Subjects were considered as having periodontitis, if the CPI score was (3 / 4) and non-periodontitis if the CPI score was (0, 1, 2). Results: In the present study a good oral hygiene was observed in most of the subjects and majority of the under graduate students followed a good oral hygiene practice. Conclusions: Due to their profession, dental students are expected to exhibit meticulous oral hygiene procedures as compared to the general public. However, the results of the present study reveal that the oral hygiene practice of the under graduate dental students of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital is almost ideal.

Present days we are using cycles with chain drive mechanism and gear cycles with gear mechanism. By these cycles we are facing some problems like less speed, chain disengage from the sprocket, fluctuations in speed. We are introducing a chain less cycle having shaft drive mechanism. By this cycles we are overcome that problems.in this cycle we are using shaft drive mechanism instead of chain drive mechanism. The main objective of our project is chain less cycle using rotatable drive shaft for transferring the pedal actuated drive force from the pedal crank shaft to the rear wheel including shaft mechanism to provide different drive ratios. By this chain less cycle we increase the speed and consistent rate of efficiency than the existing ccycles.in this cycle we are using spiral bevel gear, universal joint, rotatable shaft drive, plumber blocks and bearings.

Plasmodium falciparum, the liable parasite for the mortal malaria, is a major case of morbidness and of mortality in everybody tropical. The in vitro culture of the Plasmodium remains an indispensable method for determination of the proof phenotype and of the surveillance of the efficacity of antimalarial drugs. Culture of Plasmodium falciparum requires the use of RPMI 1640 medium, the efficacy of which depends on addition of human serum. Culture with medium containing either reference human serum (RS) or serum containing Plasmodium antibodies (SND) provides a plasmodial maturation rate exceeding 20% (lower threshold of validity according to WHO). Comparison of these two culture supplements for in vitro testing of the chemosensitivity of Plasmodium strains to pyrimethamine showed no difference in IC50: < 2000 nM for sensitive strains (FCB1 and PFB) and > 2000 nM for resistant strain (K1)

Activated carbon was self generated and activated in the laboratory using Bombax ceibabark (naturally available starting raw material), which has been abbreviated as ?ACBCB? and characterized using modern techniques like FTIR and SEM. Adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution on the adsorbent (ACBCB) has been studied under varying conditions of contact time, adsorbent dose and pH to assess the kinetic and equilibrium parameters. Maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 97.8% at optimum pH 5.5 and 110 minutes as optimum contact time. The percentage removal of Cr(VI) ions was found to increase with increased adsorbent doses from 1 to 7gm/lit. The adsorption data have been correlated and found that experimental data are well fitted with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Experimentally obtained appropriate values of sorption parameters derived from Langmuir isotherm like ?Qm?(adsorption efficacy), ?b?(Langmuir constant), R2(Correlation Coefficient square); and the Freundlich constant values(?n? and ?Kf ?) derived from Freundlich isotherm proved that the adsorbent ?ACBCB? under present investigation is the best one for efficient removal of Hexavalent Chromium from contaminated water and thus can have potential applications in the field of pollution control.

Increased urbanisation and industrialisation in developing countries has created a huge demand for construction activities, which in turn has resulted in the fast growth of the brick-making industry. Unfortunately, brick-kilns are mostly situated on fertile agricultural land, as brick manufacturers need silty clay loam to silty clay soils with good drainage conditions. This article quantifies the agricultural impacts of top-soil removal for brick-making using replacement cost approaches, for Khejuri CD Blocks of Purba Medinipur District over Coastal Bengal in India. To compute the cost, a survey of 50 farmers each was carried out in two regions?in the north, interior Khejuri (I) and in the south, Coastal Khejuri (II). Besides, 60 soil samples?30 from each region?were analysed from both types of fields?leased land for brick-making and virgin fields. The crop yield loss due to top-soil removal is found to be much less than expected due to more fertile soil in the region. In the long run, however, the opportunity cost of selling top-soil for brick-making is likely to increase as good quality soils for agriculture become more and more scarce.

The article explains the most outstanding feature of William Faulkner?s The Sound and the Fury in which the author has used four different points of view in the presentation of the fall of the Compson family in particular and the desperation and hopelessness of the individuals in general .The significance of the novel has been established on the skilful use of the technique of ? The Stream of Consciousness ? and on the treatment of time .Time has been used by the author as a device and a means to get the story told.

The present study was initiated to document indigenous knowledge on the utilization of ethanobotanically important plants of Zingiberales by Malavettuvan tribal?s in Kasaragod District. During the present study a total of 11 ethanobotanically important plant species belonging to 5 families have been documented. These plants were used to treat various diseases, preparation of food, etc. The present study observed that, the Malavettuvan tribe of the Kasaragod District having very good knowledge on the traditional medicine. This type of studies may help pharmacological research in various dimensions.

Introduction:- Ovarian carcinoma accounts for a significant number of deaths from malignancies of the female genital tract and is the fifth leading cause of cancer fatalities in women. [1]. Incidence rates are higher in developed than developing countries. A female\'s risk at birth of having ovarian tumor sometime in her life is 6-7%. [2] In most of the population-based cancer registries in India, ovarian cancer is the third leading site of cancer among women, trailing behind cervix and breast cancer. The age-adjusted incidence rates of ovarian cancer vary between 5.4 and 8.0/100,000 population in different parts of the country. [2] Methodology:- The present study was undertaken with aim to correlate serum CA-125 levels and IHC expression of ER/PR, HER2/neu, p53 and Ki67 markers with various histological types and grades of ovarian neoplasms and their role in prognosis. Prospective histologically diagnosed epithelial ovarian neoplasm reported at Era?s Lucknow Medical College & Hospital and other collaborating hospitals consenting to participate in this study.The blood samples were used for estimating serum CA-125 levels. Ovarian biopsy/excised tumors: The ovarian tumors were used for histopathological and immune-pathological studies. Any case which have any other associated malignancy even gynecological malignancies besides ovarian cancer in present or past or any case other than epithelial ovarian neoplasm of ovary were excluded from the study. Results:- There was significant higher expression of ER and PR in serous ovarian neoplasm and among malignant cases with grade 3 tumors without any significant association with stage and grade. With increasing histopathological grade, an increase in mean serum CA-125 levels was observed but it was not significant statistically (p=0.088). Proportional differences in HER2/neu expression of cases with different clinical stages was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.443). Proportional difference in p53 expression and score in patients of different histological type was not found to be statistically significant (p=0.068). Proportional difference in Ki67 expression in patients of different histological type was found to be statistically significant (p=0.048). On follow up of serum CA-125 out of seven cases, in five cases serum CA-125 level returned to normal (<35 U/ml). However in 2 cases (both of stage IV) serum CA-125 levels were 96 U/ml and 74 U/ml respectively. Conclusion:- Although ER PR and Her 2,p53 were higher in grade 3 tumors no significant association was seen with staging.ki67 showed a statistically significant association with staging. The follow yielded normalized CA-125 levels in 5 out of 7 cases post surgery.

Since the beginning of our Indian civilization, performing arts have been an important aspect of our culture. Music is the most popular performing art form of India. Music is also being used as therapy for treatment intended to relieve or heal psychological disorders. Music therapy / Raag Chikitsa is a scientific method through which the power of music is used for effective treatment of diseases. The concept of entire Raag Chikitsa is experimental like YOGA, which acts upon the human organism and ensures proper development of humans to the extent of self-realization. Essential features of Raga Chikitsa is the classification of the ragas based on their basic composition i.e. ether, air, fire, water, earth and which balance the nature of the imbalance. Music therapy based on classical ragas is being used or advised these days for the treatment of insomnia, migraine, hypertension, chronic headache, anxiety, etc. and to boost the immune system as well as the healing mechanism of the body and Music is also considered the best tranquillizer in modern days of anxiety, tension and high blood pressure. It is evident that music has such a great power of healing the whole living organism and right choice of music to be prescribed for different patients can play a vital role in their recovery. Therefore, new avenues for research & experimentation are still needs to be explored in Music Therapy / Raag Chikitsa.

Soil samples were collected from three ecologically modified sites- a waste disposal site, a roadside, bank of a sewage canal and a forest floor as a control site. One-way ANOVA indicated sites were different in terms of variance (p<0.05) while Tukey test indicated significant difference of means of abundance between the control site and the polluted sites. Annual and seasonal patterns of fluctuations were more or less same among the sites. Least abundant population of acarines was observed at the waste disposal site.

Usage of Social Networking Sites (SNS) are very common among the adolescent students as the usage of smart phones increased and thus the access of the internet become cheaper and easier. In the Indian context, social intelligence is very much important while talking about the social values and norms. In this study, the investigator tried to correlate the SNS usage with social intelligence of higher secondary school students using an SNS usage inventory and Social intelligence test among 360 Higher Secondary School students in Palakkad district. The results show that there is no relation among SNS usage and their social intelligence.

The first choice in replacing any lost teeth has become the dental implants. It is an artificial prosthesis that can easily blend with the other natural tooth or like a natural tooth that makes you forget that you lost a tooth before. With all the advancements and developments in the science and technology, the materials available for dental implants also improved. Right from Egyptian period replacement of missing teeth have been practiced. However in due coarse of time and technology dental implant materials and procedure has been improved to meet the future generation. The following article explains you about the various dental implant bio materials.

Rise in number of infertile couple is a major concern worldwide. More and more number of male and female are prone to infertility in cities due to life style. Anovulation is responsible for 30-40% of infertility. It is recommended that the administration of ovulation inducing agents be carried out only when they are indicated in order to achieve pregnancy rates without increase in untoward side effects. The first line of treatment in conventional medicine for induction of ovulation is use ofovulation inducing drugs. However, therapy may cause side effects like increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation, abortion, multiple pregnancies etc and are contraindicated in liver dysfunction, breast diseases, h/o severe side effects etc; hence this treatment may not be suitable in all cases. Therefore, the number of couples turning to technologies and artificial methods like IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) is increasing. Due to the high cost of ART procedures, it is beyond the reach of some patients hence finding an alternative therapy has been always in the need. In classical unani literature, various formulations has been mentioned for the treatment of uqr, possessing the properties like muqawwi rehm, moaene hamal, moallide mani which are to be used from the 5th day of menstrual cycle (corresponds to ovulation inducing drugs) as conception is most likely to take place after menstruation. Such types of drugs are known to contain phytoestrogens and may induce ovulation by maintaining hormonal balance therefore present case study has been done by using hab hamal (unani medicine ) in anovulatory patients.

HRTC serves the role of lifeline across the state of Himachal Pradesh. It is only dependable mode of transportation in a state in absence of other mode of transportation. It is providing services in most of the rural areas of the state. The objective of present paper is to study the financial performance analysis of one of the largest division that is Shimla division of Himachal Road Transport Corporation Ltd. (HRTC) by using ratio analysis technique. Among the various financial techniques to analyze the performance of any business organization, the ratio analysis is most appropriate to evaluate the financial performance of the business concern, since it examines the performance of the business organization in different dimensions. Financial analysis of an organization provides the clear view of its performance parameters, present as well as past performance. It is helpful in assessing the corporate excellence, judging the credit worthiness, processing bond rating and assessing market risk. The study is based on secondary data collected from secondary sources. The major findings of the analysis are: The debt equity ratio has not maintained the standard norm during the study period, because of the higher proportions of debt and correspondingly the absence of capital contributions from the participating governments. Further, during the period of study, current ratio is not up to the mark.

The demand and awareness for quality of dental treatment is relatively increasing in today\'s generation mainly aesthetics are concerned, along with other functions of the prosthesis. The most challenging job for a prosthodontist is to rehabilitate the partial edentulous patient especially distal extension cases where fabrication of fixed prosthesis is quite impossible without using implants. Several conventional and contemporary treatment options were available for treating long span edentulous situations In case of partially edentulous mouth, it requires more attention for esthetics. While achieving the goal, the components which are incorporated in removable partial denture may result in unsightly appearance. In this case report, precision attachment is used which amplified the aspects of retention stability and particularly esthetics when compared to conventional removable partial dentures.

There have been several paradigm shifts in the literature of research in the area of science education. To feed the knowledge pool in the area of science consistently, there is a need to remain updated and abreast of the ongoing trends in research globally and also nationally. This task also takes us in the journey of historical accounts and upheavals that all surrounded the progress of research in science education. It also helps us to situate our studies in the knowledge pool of findings and scope of further research. This summary of researches done so far and analytical framing of them in an emerging pattern also gives us awareness and confidence of the utility of our research. In the age when growth and development of the nation relies on the firmness of science education, it becomes important to carry out further the investigations, inquiry and research in science education as per the needs which surround the quest. This paper is an attempt to take out the emerging picture of types of researches so far have been put in practice and how they have kept changing with times.

Non- Formal resources in this paper means all forms of direct and indirect experiences gained in a particular setting which helps in better learning of concepts in science. These resources may include any place selected for field visits, excursion, or any such tour for extended learning in science like the national science center, zoos, science museums, the Exploratorium and several other such places. In this paper, the author tries to report the researches done on non-formal resources and their findings in the context of science education trying to explore how these resources help learning in and about science, learning of science concepts vis-?-vis science process skills among young learners in school.

reconception care is a set of interventions that identify and modify biomedical, behavioral and social risks to a woman?s health and future pregnancies. Since its introduction through safe motherhood initiative, little is known about its existence in health care settings in Kenya yet adverse birth outcomes that may be prevented through preconception health are still prevalent. The study aimed at assessing women?s knowledge on various preconception health care topics . Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from a sample

Increased competition from online grocery stores has necessitated brick and mortar retailers to understand consumers better. This research attempts to understand consumer demographics, key factors driving buying behaviour, impact of loyalty programs on customer loyalty intentions at a well-established brick and mortar supermarket. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 shoppers at a select Supermarket in Bengaluru city. Statistical tests of chi-square and correlation have been used. Convenience and ease of access, variety of product categories, quality and availability of products have emerged as key factors driving customer purchase behaviour. There is a significant impact of store loyalty programs on customers of different age groups. Empirical data of arrival and service times during the checkout process was recorded through observation technique to analyse the performance measures of the multi-channel multi-queue system at the checkout counters. Monte Carlo Simulation technique was used to analyse the operating characteristics of queues, efficiency and server utilization. These factors play a predominant role in understanding customer satisfaction during the checkout process and help the Management to evaluate service efficiency at the checkout points.

The teacher is the most important element in any educational program. It is the teacher who is responsible for implementation of the educational processes at any stage. This shows that it is imperative to invest in the preparation of teachers, so that the future of the nation is secure. Also, this is a well documented fact that the quality of teacher education has a direct bearing on the kind of education their students would obtain. It is hence implied that how the teachers are educated has to happen through a considerate, well- supervised and well thought out programs and curriculum. We must create such teachers who can educate students and teach them to become what we foresee our children to be in the future. If we want our students to be skillful, having knowledge of sustainable development and adopting these values in real life too, we must have our teachers trained with this philosophy. This transformation may come about in young children when their educators, i.e. teachers are educated in a holistic manner so that what teachers do is a synonym of their belief system. This may have a deeper influence on the thoughts of young children. It is well known that the quality and extent of learner achievement are determined primarily by teacher competence, sensitivity and motivation. Also, when the goal happens to be sustainable development then training of teachers with this outlook becomes even more important. They ought to be trained and educated how to teach what they teach in a sustainable manner. Therefore, integration of values of sustainable development in teacher education program is the necessary demand to have aware teachers who would produce students fully aware of intricacies of economic, political, global and environmental aspects of the reality they are present in. Our students need to be trained to handle and have a dialogue about big issues such as inequality, public health, global consumption, biodiversity loss and the limits of natural systems. In this paper, we have made an attempt to establish the balance, if any, between the purpose of teacher education as envisioned in UNESCO document and what actually is followed and even mentioned in B. Ed curriculum and the training institutes. Also to explore is there any gaps? What is the nature of these gaps and what plausible steps as a collective response we all must raise? Our paper will shed light on these aspects.

In Saudi Arabia, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) suggested low incidence but increasing, whereas Hepatitis B (HBV) is steadily declining but conflicting for Hepatitis C (HCV). Several reports showed that the negligent use of instruments in beauty shops poses risk towards the transmission of these blood-borne diseases. Hence, this study assessed the knowledge and practices of the beauty shop workers regarding HBV, HCV, and HIV in Abha and Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia. 242 respondents from 144 conveniently selected saloons and barber shops were selected as settings. Findings showed that majority are female (62.4%), high school graduates (42.1%), with 6-10 years working experience (50.8%), monthly earns 1,000- 3,000 SAR (57.9%) and unaware of vaccination (90.1%). High level of education (p <0.0001), upper age (p <0.001) and female gender (p <0.001) were significantly knowledgeable whereas high earners significantly have poor knowledge (p < 0.001). The practices of the beauty shop workers will likely predispose them to HBV, HCV and HIV as only 75% agreed of the risk when not gloving and sterilizing. The respondents showed insufficient knowledge and their current practices are at risk to spreading these infections. The link of gender, age, education and income suggest implications on strategically prioritizing screenings and trainings at the primary level specific for these professions on towards these viral blood-borne pathogens.

More than 500,000 under one year aged children are in risk of vaccine preventable diseases due to no vaccination or incomplete status of their immunization. According to the Afghanistan DHS survey 13 percent of children have never received any immunization and full immunization coverage among children under one year is 46%. Understanding the potential risk factor for low immunization coverage is necessary to find the gaps. This reasrch aiming to know the key and fundamental challenges affecting EPI system of leadership, management and governance. Method: A qualitative study is conducted in five provinces of Afghanistan and focused group discussion(FGD) method used to determine leadership, management and governance gaps among the EPI management teams. key officers attended each FDG and five FDG session was conducted. This group of 30 officers are representing 20% of the total current EPI managers. Time Frame: This study took 10 weeks from the start to preparation of this first report. Results: EPI Managers compliance with leading, Managing and Governing of EPI program is ranging from 50-60%. Hot problematic issues remain as chronic problem. Government salary scale is very low and does not attract qualified people, Higher dependency on consultants in all provinces, low motivated staff. Poor EPI planning and monitoring at sub-national levels. Security affected monitoring of services in remote areas. Politically negative communication on use of vaccine reduced the level of acceptance of services by the families. National financial analysis indicates about 30% gaps in resources for EPI program and indicates higher dependency on donors funding. Recommendations: Improve HR management, improve monitoring and supervision at all level. Improve standardization in planning. EPI communication to match the knowledge gaps at the families. More training opportunities to EPI managers, Government to explore the possibilities of better resource allocation for EPI and to plan for EPI sustainability.

Yield in legumes is the result of many plant processes, which are usually expressed in yield and have been shown to be affected by management, genotype and environment. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of genotype x environment interaction and to select the stable cowpea genotypes in Ugandan environments over seasons. Seventy-two cowpea genotypes were evaluated for yield in three locations and two seasons in Uganda. The yield data were subjected to analysis of variance and additive main effects and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis. The results showed a highly significant (P<0.001) genotype by location and by year (season) interaction effects for grain yield, with 69.16% of the total variation attributable to environmental effects, 5.36% to genotypic effects and 12.74% to G x E interactions effects. Genotype MU9 had the highest yield (854.68 kgha-1) but was only adapted to specific environments (Arua 2015B and 2016A). Hence, genotypes WC 30, NE 45, NE 31, NE 51 which were equally high yielding, stable and adapted to the tested environments, and should be recommended for genetic improvement of cowpea germplasm in Uganda.

The Kole wetlands in Thrissur is one of the significant food production grounds of Kerala which is considered as an unparalleled freshwater ecosystem and is a part of Vembanad-Kole Ramsar site. The name ?Kole? refers to the peculiar high yielding type of paddy cultivation practice carried out in this flooded wetland for about six months in a year. The present study is an attempt to screen the filamentous algae in kole paddy fields. Altogether, 28 species of blue-green algae were identified. Green algae were Mougeotia species and five filament types of Spirogyra.The significant contributions of these algae to soil fertility in terms of the physico-chemical, biological and soil-water relations are well established in terms of soil conditioning and soil bioindicators.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Anaemia is one of the most significant complications of CKD. A total of 170 participants-enrolled in Shri Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Anand-Gujarat, were selected. The association between hemoglobin and diabetes was studied with and without nephropathy. Creatinine estimation was done by using (Siemens-Dimension-RXL-and X pand) and Hb by Automatic cell counter. Data were computer-analyzed using (SPSS 20.USA) program. Reference management was done by Endnote X7 program. Results: In our study of 170 type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus (DM) participants, irrespective of having nephropathy or not, 66% was anemic and 34% seemed to have normal hemoglobin. In DM patients with nephropathy, 78.1% was anemic and only12.9% had normal hemoglobin. In DM patients without nephropathy, 44.7% was anemic and 53.3% had normal hemoglobin. The mean level Hb decreased in diabetics with nephropathy (10.4?2.17) compared to those without nephropathy (12.7?1.84). The negative correlation [r]between Hb and creatinine was -0.24 and p-value = 0.002. Conclusion: Hemoglobin is an independent risk factor for the progression of nephropathy to the End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) in type 2 diabetes. This is explained by the effect of Erythropoietin (EPO) production from the kidney.

In the peanut basin, a major agricultural region in Senegal, crop yield has gradually declined in relation to soil degradation. Land use for food crops is a big in priority represents a big constraint for the intensive production of Jatropha curcas, a tree planted for biofuel. This study examined the possibility of designing appropriate agroforestry systems combining food crops and J. curcas. It was conducted in Nioro in the sub-humid zone of Senegal. Four treatments in complete randomized block design with three replications: groundnut-only crop, Jatropha curcas-only crop, groundnut-Jatropha curcas in combination at an interval of 6 x 6 m, and a groundnut-Jatropha curcas combination at an interval of 3 x 3 m were compared. The influence of Jatropha curcas-based agroforestry systems on soil water dynamics was similar to that of a groundnut-only cropping system. No depressive effect on yields of groundnut and Jatropha was noticed.

The increasing Vehicular exhaust has a significant contribution on urban air pollution. Roadside Plants have to suffer a lot from automobile exhaust and dust particles. The ability of each plant species to captured particulate matters (SPM) by their foliar surface varies greatly and depends on several surface characteristics of twigs, bark and foliage of the plants .The present study was undertaken along the State Highway SH 13 road side of Sugandha located in the Hooghly,West-Bengal, India to assess the Dust capturing potential of some selected plant species . Results showed that dust accumulation on the leaves ranged from 0.00102 g/cm2 in Tabernaemontana divaricata to 0.003225 g/cm2 in Mangifera indica and followed the descending order of pollutant sink as Albizia saman (0.00296 g/cm2)> Ficus racemosa (0.00292 g/cm2)> Cajanus cajan (0.00266 g/cm2). The study determined a set of plant species that have high potential of foliar dust deposition which will help determine the optimal plant species to be used as natural filters to mitigate particulate roadside pollution.

Le pr?sent travail concerne l??tude de la pollution physico-chimique des eaux du fleuve S?n?gal. L?int?r?t de ces eaux r?side essentiellement dans les usages domestique et agricole qu?elles assurent; aussi il convient de suivre leur ?tat de pollution. Dans la vall?e, les activit?s urbaines, industrielles et agricoles s?intensifient d?une ann?e ? l?autre et par cons?quent, les polluants affectent la qualit? du milieu aquatique et sa composition faunistique. Cette ?tude effectu?e au niveau de la prise d?eau ? Keur mac?n alimentant en eau potable la ville de Nouakchott, pour ?valuer qualitativement et quantitativement la qualit? des eaux du fleuve S?n?gal. Un suivi mensuel sur une p?riode de 9 mois (du janvier ? septembre 2016) a ?t? r?alis?. L?objectif de notre travail est de quantifier la pollution des eaux du fleuve S?n?gal utilis? pour la production d?eau potable pour la ville de Nouakchott. Pour ?valuer la qualit? des eaux de rivi?re, plusieurs param?tres sont suivis telle que la temp?rature ; le pH ; la conductivit? ; la turbidit? ; le titre hydrotim?trique ; le titre alcalim?trique ; les nitrates ; les nitrites ; oxyg?ne dissous, MES ; les chlorures, etc. Les r?sultats de la pr?sente ?tude ont montr? que la concentration de la quasi-totalit? des param?tres physico-chimiques r?pond aux normes en vigueur avec une turbidit? variante de 21.3NTU en Mai jusqu?? 330NTU en Aout, ce qui en relation avec les MES qui pr?sente une valeur maximal de 275 mg /L durant le mois d?Aout et les valeurs du MO minimal de 0.7mg/L en Janvier et une valeur maximale en Septembre de 5.5mg/L et oxyg?ne dissous minimal de 3.77mgd?O2/L en Septembre et une valeur maximale au mois d?Avril de 6.81mg d?O2/L

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network allows distributed decision making by letting every node to take part in a routing decision. In this decision making the trust can play an important role. Establishing a trust among nodes is considered to be an influential tool to protect the wireless network. The nodes in the network can communicate with each other by building an acceptable level of trust relationships among themselves. But the trust management schemes themselves can be vulnerable to attacks. Trust Propagation and trust management in order to establish a trust, update a trust and revocation the trust is more challenging in a resource constrained MANET as compared to other traditional communication networks due to the dynamic topology change, mobility, conditions of propagation channels. In MANET, a malicious node can cause significant data damage and adversely influence the quality of the data. Thus, trust level analysis of a device can impact the certainty with which a device conducts data exchange with other device. The uncertainty and incompleteness of the trust evidence can be derived due to the dynamic characteristics of MANET. This paper is intended to pioneer the benefits of trust in MANET, investigate the various trust management schemes developed for MANET putting forward the summary of these techniques and the vulnerabilities associated with the trust management. The paper highlights the potential attacks and their impact on trust management in MANET.

Science has always engaged with the worldviews of societies and cultures (Matthews, 2009). The theme is of particular importance at the present time as many national and provincial education authorities are requiring that students learn about the nature of science (NOS) as well as learning science content, knowledge and process skills. Scientists, Philosophers, Educators and Theologicians share the conviction that science education has to promote richer understanding of science and its relation to culture, religion, philosophy and ultimately the worldview of students. The theme for the year 2016 is the year of ?Scientific Issues for development of Nation? which also emphasize on worldviews and the development of scientific temper. Therefore, here we have tried to address the following questions in our discussion on worldviews in the sciences: What is a worldview? Does science have a worldview? Are there specific ontological, epistemological and ethical prerequisites for the conduct of science? How can scientific worldviews be reconciled with seemingly discordant religious and cultural worldviews? Guided by these quests, the present work is an attempt towards understanding worldviews in sciences and how the same can be woven together to have holistic understanding of science, its nature, content processes and the method.

This study aims to analyze the influence of Organizational Culture and Midwife Competency on the Midwife Performance of either partially or simultaneously at Community Health Centre in Jambi Province. The population in this research is midwife at Community Health Centre in Jambi Province which represent 3 area that is Bungo Regency, Merangin Regency and Regency of Tanjung Jabung Barat with 391 midwives. The determination of the sample was determined based on the theory developed by Slovin. Based on the formula of determining the number of samples from Slovin obtained the number of samples (n) as many as 80 people with value e = 10%. Quantitative analysis method using path analysis, followed by determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent (0,05). Before further analyzed first, the requirements analysis test is done. Analyze tool using SPSS version 21.0 for windows. The results showed that the Organizational Culture and Midwife Competency had a positive and significant effect on Midwife Performance at Community Health Centre in Jambi Province.

Background: India leads in under-five child mortality. ARI and diarrheal diseases happen to be the most important causes responsible. Children residing in slum area are at risk owing to the environmental factors. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, describe the practice regarding ARI and diarrhoea of under-five children among mothers and find out any association of the knowledge level with the various factors influencing it. Methodology: This cross-sectional study performed in the months of August and September, 2014 was conducted on mothers with at least one living under-five child, whose families were permanent residents of the area. A predesigned pretested semi-structured schedule was used, on the participants chosen based on cluster sample design. Results: Study was conducted on 101 mothers. Mean educational level was up to 5th grade. 81.2% of the last born-children of the participants were delivered in hospitals. Majority of the mothers were aware about the danger signs and majority also sought medical care. Good practices were observed, which was assessed on mothers of 9 children suffering from ARI, 22 having cough with illnesses and 30 with diarrheal diseases. Though significant associations were not documented but this study found out the odds of having high knowledge level were more in favour of mothers in joint families, home-makers, having an earlier male child, upper socio-economic status. Conclusions: Home-makers living in an upper socioeconomic joint family, having a male child earlier had a high knowledge level. Most of the mothers were aware about the danger signs but knowledge regarding fluid management was lacking, resulting in imperfect practice.

Anthropometry is the branch of anthropology which refers to taking quantitative measurements of human body. Human body measurements convey a lot of information about an individual?s physical status, shape, size, physique and body composition. Ayurvedic literature furnishes detailed description on measurements of body and its elements. Ācārya has devised suitable methods for measurements of human body and contents of body. In Ayurveda classics Pramāṇa śārīra is the term given to this subdivision which depicts the importance of measurements or anthropometry. A?jali pramāṇa and Aṅgula pramāṇa were used to measure body and its contents. Ācārya Suśruta has described pramāṇa śārīra in context of ātura parīkṣā or examination of the patient and described measurements of various body structures in terms of Aṅgula pramāṇa. Aṅgula Pramāṇa śārīra is the term given to that section which depicts the importance of anthropometry in contemporary sciences.

Unicystic ameloblastomas are a rare type of Ameloblastoma that clinically, radiographically present as a cyst but on histological examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium. The concept of this tumour was first introduced by Robinson and Martinez in 1977. This is a case report of a 10 year old child presenting with a mandibular swelling and a peculiar radiological finding, highlighting the importance of histological examination in the diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma. A brief review of the pathogenesis of unicystic ameloblastoma and the various histological patterns that play a role in the diagnosis of a unicystic ameloblastoma and formulating the definitive treatment approaches for such lesions has been discussed.

Aim:Punica granatum L., generally known as pomegranate has been used for thousands of years to cure a wide range of diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study examines Punica granatum extracts effect on cytokines production in PBMCs of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Materials & methods: PBMCs were treated by 5?200 μg/ml of P. granatum methanol, aqueous, acetone, ethyl acetate extracts in realse of IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-4, and TGF-β cytokines using ELISA. Results: Methanol and aqueous P. granatum extracts suppressed IFN-γ release and enhanced IL-4 and IL-10 production, all the extracts enhanced the production TGF-β from PBMCs of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Conclusion: Following treatment with P. granatum extracts cyto?kine production showed decrease of IFN-γ release which is proinflammatory mediator, also raise of IL-4 and IL-10 production. It is also significantly increases TGF-β release which is anti-inflammatory cytokine.

Aim: To evaluate of retentive value of tooth supported over denture made with precision (Pre-fabricated) and semi-precision (Castable) attachments. Materials and Methods: 24 Acrylic edentulous models were prepared and randomly divided into 2 groups. Group group A consist of Pre- Fabricated Pivots were directly embedded in Acrylic Model with Auto-polymerized Resin. In group B Casting, Finishing & Polishing of Castable Pivots were done and embedded in Acrylic Model. Denture bases with three loops approximating incisor and molar regions were made for testing in each acrylic models. Yellow retentive caps (Rhein 83) and stainless steel housings (Rhein 83) were embedded in denture base using direct pick up technique. Three chains were attached to the Record base and a 3-point vertical pull was used to determine retention against a vertically directed dislodging force parallel to the path of insertion. Result: Mean retentive value of Pre-fabricated Attachment/ Precision Attachment group (4.71 ? 0.09 N) was higher than mean retentive value of Castable Attachment group (4.18 ? 0.12 N). Statistically, significant difference was present in mean retentive values of two groups. (p ≤ 0.05) Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study it can be concluded that use of semi-precision attachment could be cost effective treatment modality without compromising optimal retentive value for tooth supported overdenture

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of platelet‑rich plasma (PRP) and platelet‑rich fibrin (PRF) against periodontal disease associated bacteria at two different time intervals. Subjects and Methods: Blood samples were obtained from ten patients. Procurement of PRP and PRF were done using centrifugation. The antibacterial activity of PRP and PRF was evaluated by microbial culturing using bacterial strains of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis at 2nd and 7th days. Results: At 2nd and 7th day, both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans were inhibited by PRP but no zone of inhibition was seen by PRF. Conclusions: PRP can be used as a potential autologous concentrate against periodontal pathogens and also it may serve as an adjunct in the enhancement of periodontal regeneration.

Variety is said to be the spice of life and yet educators find it a threat to cater to differences in students? intellectual levels in the classroom. Mixed ability grouping has long since been practiced as a pattern of interaction among students. The present research employed this strategy as a formula for using diversity in learners? abilities as a distinct advantage in the teaching-learning process. It provided a breakthrough in overcoming the traditional belief that individual differences in ability cannot be addressed through co-operative learning activities. This study attempted to compare the effectiveness of two grouping strategies in enhancing the academic achievement of students in different subjects of the curriculum. The sample comprised of 493 students of the secondary section of a private-aided school in Mumbai, affiliated to the S.S.C Board of Education. The research was conducted in two phases. In the first, the students were assigned to groups of five by the teacher based on mixed ability and in the latter, they were permitted to form groups of five based on their own preferences. An achievement test was administered to the subjects in each phase before and after the topic was taught using instructional modules comprising of activities and co-operative learning strategies. Comparison of the pre-test and post-test scores indicated a greater difference in the performance of the students in the mixed ability groups which could be advocated to the possibility that students pooled their resources and understanding in achieving the goal of mastery learning.

Background: Female coronary heart disease morbidity rate accelerate after the age of 45years. Altered serum lipid profile seen in menopause is one of the major determinants for developing cardiovascular diseases. Changes in lipid level in relation to the duration of menopause is to be investigated to prevent the emerging cardiovascular diseases. Aim and objective: To study the effect of duration of menopause on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women. Methods: After getting ethical committee approval, in this cross sectional study, postmenopausal women attending Government Rajaji Hospital for master health checkup were selected. Women with duration of menopause less than 10years (n=30) were taken as group-I and more than 10years (n=30) were taken as group-II and estimation of serum lipid profile was done for all of them. Results: Statistical analysis was done by student?s t test and the results were compared between group-I and group-II. In group-II, the mean values of total cholesterol (p=0.006) and low density lipoprotein levels (p<0.001) were increased significantly. However there was a significant decrease in high density lipoprotein level (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The elevated low density lipoprotein and the reduction of high density lipoprotein level increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. So specific health education strategies are needed in postmenopausal women of longer duration.

Background: In the majority of developing countries, non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and hypertension are booming at the expense of communicable diseases that generally affect poor and middle-income countries. An epidemiological study was carried out in two health institutions: the International Center for Medical Research in Franceville and the Amissa Bongo Hospital Center in Franceville (Haute-Ogooue/ Gabon). Methods: Were included in the study, patients having a blood glucose≥7 mmol/L for glucose measurement. Demographic parameters and socio-occupational criteria were recorded for each patient. Results: The results of this study show a prevalence of diabetics 11.78%. The study also showed that diabetes affects more men than women (p=2.10-7, odds ratio=2.1). The most exposed age group being 41 to 60 years. Overweight and obesity are risk factors for this disease with respectively 44.10% and 45.5% of diabetic patients, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease The analysis of socio-professional criteria, showed that the most vulnerable are workers, farmers, housekeepers and unemployed (p=1.92.10-5, odds ratio=2.4). Conclusions: Ultimately it would be necessary to set up a program to fight against non-communicable diseases and to create an observatory for better supervision of young people and pregnant women for taking health early account of this disease finally create the conditions for struggle against poverty.

India is a signatory to the Millennium Declaration, adopted by 191 United Nations members? states in September 2000, and the plan of Action of a World Fit for Children has been central to the focus of India, which envisage achieving universal access to free and compulsory education by 2015. India has taken several initiative programmes, policies and practices to reach educational goals in the nation especially over the last decade and a half. The central focus of the paper is to identify successful and unsuccessful country efforts to move towards achievement of the universal goals of primary education in India started under the flag of international campaign of ?Education for All?. There has been great progress in the last decade in primary education in India. The gender, caste and demographic disparities in primary education have markedly reduced at national, state and at grass root levels. But challenges like universal enrolment, universal retention, dropout rate and quality education are still big hurdles in achievement of universal goals of primary education in India, which demands strong political will, and administrative dedication of the educational authorities. An attempt has been made to in this paper to discuss the policy initiatives by Government of India, to throw light on the success achieved, challenges faced and remedies for the achievement of 100% enrollment and retention rate in primary education to achieve the goals of universal primary education in India.

India has taken several programmes, policies and practices to reach educational goals in the nation especially for the universalization of primary education. No doubt, there has been great progress in the last decade in primary education in India. The gender, caste and demographic disparities in primary education have markedly reduced at national, state and at grass root levels. But quality education is still a big hurdle in achievement of goals of primary education in India. An attempt has been made to in this paper to discuss the several policy initiatives taken by Government of India, to throw light on the success achieved, challenges faced and remedies for the achievement of quality education in Indian schools. The central focus of the paper is to discuss how digital classrooms can be a boon for achieving quality education in India. Pedagogy, methods of teaching, innovative and more creative approach, in form of digital classroom can conquer the hurdles in way of achieving quality education in India.

Background:-Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in female ,world wide.There is a role for screening techniques in reducing the incidence and there by morbidity of the disease. The present study aims to find out the role of Doppler findings in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesion . Materials and methods: The study was done as diagnostic test evaluation in Department of Radiodiagnosis,who came for mammogram. Fifty patients with palpable breast lesion were included in the study. Those patients with palpable breast lesion were subjected to grey scale and colour Doppler sonography. Doppler patterns were classified into four different patterns. Results: The presence of blood flow shows high sensitivity and low specificity in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesion. The degree of vascularity is more in malignant lesion. It was shown that turbulent, high impedence flow, and venous flow were seen more in malignant lesion,when compared to benign . Conclusion: Doppler by iteslf cannot characterize the lesions into benign and malignant lesion . When used in conjunction with conventional examination it can provide a more accurate diagnosis.

Background and purpose: The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1989 marked the beginning of the laparoscopic revolution. Despite of the rapid learning curve, the complication rates of bile duct injuries after laparoscopic cholecystectomy count from 0.4% to 0.5% compared to 0.2% after open cholecystectomy. Strasberg et al., introduced an important method to reduce BDIs in1995, who described how a critical view of safety (CVS). Materials and Methods: This study was carried on 30 patients with chronic calcular cholecystitis in the department of General Surgery, Zagazig University Hospitals during the period from September 2015 to September 2016. The patients divided into two groups : Group (A): was managed by critical view of safety technique .Group (B): was managed by conventional infundibular technique. Results: The age of the studied patients in group (A) ranging from 25-56 years old with mean 37.8?9.9 and most of the studied patients are females(73.3%) and in group (B) ranging from 23-51 years old with mean 39.5?8.2 and most of the studied patients are females(73.3%). infundibular technique has significantly longer Operative time. no significant association between bleeding and groups. no significant association as all cases with no intraoperative bile injury. there is significant association as regard drain insertion between CVS and infundibular groups . no significant difference in hospital stay as all cases discharged on the 1st postopratve day. Conclusions: The critical view of safety has an important role in decreasing the operative time because of the safe accurate identification of the anatomy that allow the surgeon to proceed without fear of misidentification .

An Electrochemical Supercapacitor is an energy storage device that can store high energy and also release high power from the same time. Almost all the applications in the field of power transmission, electric or hybrid vehicles, industrial electronics to name some; where battery was used as power source can be replaced by Supercapacitor. This paper first discusses different types of models commonly used and chosen the model which includes the non-linear behavior. OrCAD Lite demo version was used to simulate and obtain the behavior of Supercapacitor by varying the Equivalent Series Resistance. This analysis has the advantage that identify performance of high power release is dependent on the value of Equivalent Series Resistance. With proper selection of electrolyte in fabrication also the power release can be very high which can supply high peak load.

Digital India is one of the initiatives to digitally empower Indian society. Digital India is presumed to bring more accountability and transparency in the governance. Digital India is a transformed version of government?s already running E-governance programme. An attempt has been made in this paper to analyze digital India programme. This paper also endeavored to throw light on success achieved till 2014-15, challenges ahead for realizing the vision of Digital India. In the 21 century information is power in itself. Information and Technology has revolutionized and triggered new avenues of growth. Governments in India have made endless efforts to benefit its citizen. There are several ongoing social and economic development projects, programmes and schemes in India for the empowerment of its citizens. As the global scenario is changing India has taken many initiatives to renew older ways of procedures and governance. Government tries to be more responsive, participatory, efficient and more transparent in its activities and in delivery of its services. No doubt, digital India is a huge dream and no dream is so big to be achieved. But there are some challenges which need to overcome to make Digital India a reality.

An attempt has been made in paper to discuss the policy initiatives by Government of India. The central focus of the paper is to throw light on the success achieved, challenges faced and remedies to overcome challenges of universal primary education and to identify condition of primary teachers at the grass root levels with a case study of Kaithal district. India under the flag of international campaign of ?Education for All? has taken several initiative programmes, policies and practices to reach educational goals in the nation. There has been great progress in the last decade in primary education in India. The gender, caste and demographic disparities in primary education have markedly reduced at national, state and at grass root levels. But challenges like problems of guest teachers, untrained or semi trained teachers, salaries and service conditions of private school teachers, precise policies for school teachers are still big hurdles in achievement of universal goals of primary education, which demands strong political will, reality based initiatives and administrative dedication of the educational authorities.

The present study is aimed to study the Attitude of Senior Secondary School Students with respect to Gender, Residential background and Type of School. Required information was gathered by applying standardized Alcohol and Drug Attitude scale (2010) constructed by Dr. Sandeep Singh and Dr. Sunil Saini on 300 randomly selected Senior Secondary School Students of Government Schools of district Ferozepur of Punjab. The findings of the study are: 1) There exists significant difference in Attitude of Senior Secondary School Students towards Alcohol and Drugs with respect to their Gender. Male Senior Secondary School Students of District Ferozepur are more inclined towards Alcohol and Drugs as compared to females. 2) Significant difference exists in Attitude of Senior Secondary School Students towards Alcohol and Drugs with respect to their Residential Background. It was found that the Senior Secondary School Students of District Ferozepur residing in urban areas have more favourable Attitude towards Alcohol and Drugs as compared to rural area. 3) No significant difference was found in Attitude of Senior Secondary School Students of District Ferozepur towards Alcohol and Drugs with respect to Joint and Nuclear type of families. The investigators concluded that gender differences and residential differences are playing a vital role in determining attitude of adolescents towards alcohol and drugs. A significantly favourable alcohol and drugs attitude of senior secondary school students requires a special attention of society, parents and administration.

The paper attempts an analysis of the recent developments in the field of communication and social media in transforming literature, while focusing on Chindu Sreedharan\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s twitterature, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'An Epic Retold\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'. Considering the subject and medium of narration the work is a \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'tragital\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' rendering of the Indian epic, Mahabharata, while highlighting the loopholes and silences of the text when Bhima, the Pandava brother is the narrator. The paper also emphasizes the scope of \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'co-tellership\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' that is offered by a platform like Twitter, and the inter-connectedness between disciplines like literature and media. Key Words: Twitterature, \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'The Epic Retold\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\', Mahabharatha on Social Media, Bhima, Convergence Culture, Hyperconnecting, Co-tellership.

These drugs are used for the treatment of mental disorder antianxiety Drugs are chemicallyMeprobamate and benzodiazepines Anxiety is an emotional condition. It is related to uneasiness, unpleasant, discomfort and fear for future.Antianxietydrugs are mild CNS depressants, are used to control mild or severe anxiety.AntianxietyDrugsareBenzodiazepines, Azapirones, Sedative Antihistamine and.β?Blocker

Background: Adolescence is a ?coming of age?, as children grow into young adults. This teen age is a period of intense growth, not only physically, but also mentally and socially. Because of this rapid growth, adolescents are especially vulnerable to anaemia. It is a long standing problem in India and the country has a high prevalence of anaemia among adolescents. Material and method: An epidemiological study to assess the prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in selected rural communities of district Amritsar, Punjab. There were 300 adolescents(age 13-18years) selected by convenience sampling. The research instrument was consisted three parts; part-A socio-demographic profile, Part-B Hb check by Sahil?s method and Part-C Semi structured interview. Results: A total of 300 adolescents went under gone Hb check up by Sahil?s method. The study reveals that the prevalence of anaemia among adolescents i.e.73.7% mentioned moderate anaemia, followed by 20.3% were mild anaemia and 2% belonged to severe anaemia. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study showed that there was significant association between age, gender, education status of father and mother, family income, dietary pattern, junk food, intake of fruits. Hence it can be inferred that there is a need for enhancement of knowledge of adolescents regarding healthy life style to prevent anaemia by means of pamphlets so as to improve and maintain the health status of adolescents and prevent the occurrence of anaemia.

A Global movement has been started from last five & half decades for the institutionalization of human rights in the social and political order. The Universal Declaration of human lights adopted by the United Nations (UN) General Assembly on 10 Dec. 1948, was the first attempt at the international level to give a most authentic enumeration of basic human rights & freedoms and so has been rightly called ?International Magna Carta of All Mankind?. Human right is the comprehensive concept which look out for all the parts of society regardless of sex, caste, creed, language or religion etc. It is the right that belongs to each & every person and is not governed by any government authority. As all knows that in Indian educational system, teacher is the prime factor in the teaching-learning process. So, the teachers will be well-equipped with the human rights. As teacher should known about human rights, so in the field of teacher education, if we promote the content of human rights education, why & who needs it, role & responsibilities of educators in human right education, challenges faced, strategies and methods implemented at various teaching levels will inculcate automatically in students with positive impact. So, it is widely accepted way to improve the education system is to improve the quality and effectiveness of educational program for human rights is to reach teacher & teachers education as no educational system can rise above the teacher.

Infections of the male genitourinary tract account for up to 15% of cases of male infertility . Acute and chronic infections and consequent inflammation in the male reproductive system may compromise the sperm cell function and the whole spermatogenetic process , causing qualitative and quantitative sperm alterations. Microbiology investigation of male partners in infertile couple can be useful to detect the male urogenital tract infection and susceptibility to antibiotics for empiric treatment. In this study 99 (65.7%) out of a total number of 22 semen samples from infertile males collected yielded bacterial growth with domination of gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus aureus . The antimicrobial susceptibility profile showed that most of the organism have increasing resistance to fluoroquinolones. All patients responded to the treatment very well and basic semen parameters and leikocytosis returned to normal level.

The problem of finding the initial basic feasible solution of the Transportation Problem has long been studied and is well known to the research scholars of the field. So far three general methods for solving transportation methods are available in literature, namely Northwest, Least Cost and Vogel?s Approximation methods. These methods give only initial feasible solution. However here we discuss a new alternative method which gives Initial feasible solution as well as optimal or nearly optimal solution. In this paper we provide an alternate method to find IBFS (Initial Basic Feasible Solution) and compared the alternate method and the existing IBFS methods using a Graphical User Interface. It is also to be noticed that this method requires lesser number of iterations to reach optimality as compared to other known methods for solving the transportation problem and the solution obtained is as good as obtained by Vogel?s Approximation Method (VAM).

Manganese substituted magnesium ferrites having stoichiometric composition Mg1-xMnxFe2O4 with x ranging from 0.0 to 1.0 were prepared sugarcane juice based Sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the structure and phases present respectively. It was found that of all ferrite compositions at 800?C led to cubes of the ferrite grains and that there was single phase spinel structure. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the presence of (311) peak as the most intense one. The crystallite size was found to be within the range of 24-48 nm. Activation energy of resultant samples decreases from 0.45 ? 0.02 eV (x = 0.0) to 0.35 ? 0.02 eV (x = 1.0).

Background: Stroke is one of the most devastating neurological conditions. Diabetes mellitus is a well-established independent risk factor for stroke. Metformin therapy reportedly decreases the risk of stroke. But the association between the duration of metformin therapy and the severity of stroke has not yet been assessed. This study aims at assessing the impact of metformin and its duration of use on the severity of ischemic stroke in patients with type 2 DM. Methods: We assessed 60 stroke patients with type 2 DM, without severe renal impairment (serum creatinine < 1.7 mg/dl) who were admitted to Kilpauk medical college hospital between July 2016 and September 2016. Severity of stroke was assessed using NIHSS scale and mRS scale. Results: Metformin therapy was associated with decreased severity of stroke showing improvements in functional outcomes. (p = 0.017, CI ? 95%). In contrast, no significant correlation was found between the duration of metformin use and severity of stroke. Conclusion: Pretreatment with metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus reduces the severity of stroke. However the correlation between the duration of metformin use and severity of stroke was not significant. Ischemic stroke; Diabetes mellitus; metformin; severity of stroke; NIHSS scale; mRS scale.