Shima Ahmed Hussein Ali and Nuha Eljaili Abubaker.
Background: Tuberculosis or TB is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by various strains of mycobacterium; usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.
Objectives: The aim of this study to evaluate the level of serum albumin, total proteins, cholesterol and triglyceride among Sudanese patients with Tuberculosis.
Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted during the period from March to May 2017, eighty samples from known patients with TB as case and forty samples from healthy person as control. The level of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and TG was measured using Mindray BS-120; Data were collected using structural questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by means of statistical package for social science (SPSS version 16).
Results: The mean levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride showed significant decreased in tuberculosis patients when compared with healthy individuals with (P. value = 0.000, 0.000, 0.015 and 0.000) respectively. There were insignificant different in the levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and TG in tuberculosis patients according to gender. The result of this study showed that, there was significantly decreased in BMI in patients with tuberculoses compared to control group (p- value =0.000). There were negative correlation between the levels of serum total proteins, albumin, total cholesterol , triglyceride and ages.(r=-0.356, p, value=0.001) (r=-0.273,p, value=0.014)(r= -0.296,p , value=0.008)(r=-0.223, p , value=0.047) respectively.
Conclusion: The levels of total proteins, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly decreased in Tuberculosis patients.
G.Indira Priya Darsini.
The government of India after assuming welfare state focussed more on passing of welfare enactments where decision making power vested in the hands of the administration. One of the innovative provisions adopted by the Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution was the provision for the setting up of Administrative Tribunals. The main objective of establishing tribunals is to provide a speedy and inexpensive trail. The other significant ground for institution of tribunals was that the ordinary courts are habituated to deal cases according to law with complex formalities. While adjudication of disputes are not necessarily on the basis of technical questions of law in administrational issues, but the need of the hour requires consideration of the public interest. Further, tribunals are bodies having technical expertise dealing fairly with the issues by following the principles of natural justice. The technicalities, inadequacy and effectiveness of judicial system lead to multiplicity of administrative tribunals.These quasi-judicial powers acquired by the administration must maintain inevitably procedural safeguards & transparency while arriving at their decisions and observe Principles of Natural Justice. These administrative bodies which are established in public interest have been comprehensively modified in Finance Act 2017. As Justice Blackstone said it is precisely in situations such as these that the subdivision of power into different channels was designed to prevent power rushing down in one single torrent, sweeping away all it encounters in its wake
Jitender Joshi, Rajul Rastogi, Rishi Kant Pandey and Amit Bihan.
Pharmacovigilance is a system, not only significant to the early detection of adverse drug reactions; but also facilitates identification of risk in post marketing period. Contribution to Uppsala monitoring database from developing countries including India is still negligible due to the poor reporting culture, lack of knowledge in healthcare professionals regarding pharmacovigilance etc. are so many reason which are barrier for emerging this essential department in pharmaceutical industry.
This article aims at bringing such issues into notice with respect to pharmacovigilance systems and look upon some measures that may be taken to safeguard the patients who take the drug for their better health, not for suffering the toxic effects, also some suggestion to improvising the health standards.
Aliu Hamel Oyindamola, Anyasor Godswill Nduka, Adaramola Feyisara Banji, Aleshinloye Abimbola Ololade and Onigbinde Adebayo Omotayo.
This study evaluated the effects of a polyherbal formula on the plasma lipid profile and blood glucose in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ), (60 mg/kg body weight) in sodium citrate buffer at pH 4.5 was used to induce diabetes intraperitoneally in 20 adult Albino Wistar Strain Rats. 25 rats were put into 5 groups: Normal, Standard, Control, Test I and Test II respectively and were sacrificed after 7days of treatment. The weight and glucose baseline were taken prior to: (1) STZ administration (2) after a week of inducing diabetes (3) after the first, third and fifth day of treatment and (4) at sacrificial time. The body weight and blood glucose level of all animals in different groups varied depending on treatment. Blood glucose test showed that there was a significant increase in blood glucose level after induction. After treatment, the normal group blood glucose level increased by 19.12 % but not diabetic, and a decrease of 10.61 %, 61.64 %, 48.19 % and 77.16 % for the Control, Standard, Test I and Test II respectively. The body weight for normal group increased by 6.29 % while the Control group, Standard group, Test I and Test II emaciated by 7.91 %, 3.35 %, 6.9 % and 5.1 % respectively. The lipid profile test showed that Test I and Test II groups have lower lipid values compare with other study groups. Results from this study clearly indicated that the polyherbal formula had hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effects on Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Emilia Dos Santos De Jesus.
Dos Santos de Jesus, Emilia. 2017. ?An Analysis of Argumentative writing of the Fifth Semester Students of English Study Program of Universidade Dili in Academic Year 2016/2017?. Supevisors: (I) Prof. Feliks Tans, M.Ed., Ph.D, (II) Dr. Agustinus Semiun, MA.
There are two problems to be answered in this writing, namely how the fifth semester students of English Study Program of Universidade Dili write argumentative texts and what their problems are in writing argumentative texts.
This writing aims at analyzing students? argumentative writing and finding out their problems in writing argumentative texts.
This study employs descriptive qualitative method. It describes deeply the findings related to the aims of study above. The data of this result is taken from the written forms of argumentative texts by the fifth semester students of English Study Program of Universidade Dili. The research shows that the students? argumentative writing is cohesively, coherently, and grammatically correct. However, some other mostly students present in cohesive, incoherent, and grammatically incorrect argumentative texts. Furthermore, there are several problems faced by the students in writing argumentative texts, namely: transferring ideas in writing, lack of vocabularies, problem in using grammar, difficulties to start writing, lack of reading sources, problems in organizing their writing, and inconsistently in developing idea.
Seda Ugras, Ceyda Ergil and Emel Hulya Yukseloglu.
MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism is thought to be associated with childhood sexual and physical abuse and impulsivity in men. This polymorphism has been shown to be associated with low CSF 5-HIAA levels, bipolar disorder, major depression, alcoholism, impulsivity, and anti-social personality traits. In the studies conducted in the following years, the gene called monoaminoxidase (MAOA), which is widely known as a crime, is less secreted than necessary, and when maltreatment in childhood is combined, people with this gene show aggressive behavior at an older age. Furthermore, after detecting the presence of this gene in people who have antisocial characteristics at an early age, these persons can be rehabilitated at appropriate centers and preventive activities can be carried out for community rest.
Md. Samsuddoha, Md. Saeed Siddik, Md. Selim and Shah Mostafa Khaled.
Although Object Oriented Programming is rapidly used in software industry, a wide variety of software is still used in the existing market developed in Procedural Programming languages. Sometimes, the maintenance of large software which developed in procedural languages become high costly and time consuming. To reduce this maintenance cost and make them more usable, some industries intend to transform that software from Procedural to Object Oriented Paradigm. On this purpose, researches have been focusing on automatic design migration approaches. Selecting a suitable and optimal method from the available is difficult because those approaches are not studied for any similar dataset. In this research, an empirical experiment has been conducted for identifying the optimal one among Genetic Algorithm, Local Search, Variable Neighborhood Search and Build Cluster Hierarchy algorithms. Six case studies from different real life software varying from 500 to 3700 LOCs are presented for experimental results verification. Final results are compared by a well known matrix named Jaccard Similarity Coefficient. Case studies show that Genetic Algorithm based approach outperforms other algorithms.
Philom?ne Zran, Thierry D?zay Yoro, Souma?la Dabonn? and Kouadio Florent N?Guessan.
In the way to found the best starter cultures for sorghum beer production, three yeast strains [one Issatchenkia orientalis (L1) and two Candida tropicalis (L2 and L6)] isolated from the digestive tract of termite Macrotermes subhyalinus were tested in pure culture and co-culture (L1-L2, L1-L6, L2-L6 and L1-L2-L6) in the production of sorghum beer. The effect of initial pH on the growth and acidifying power, the ability to grow in the presence of ethanol, the evolution of biomass and the physicochemical properties of the beers produced were determined. The results showed that all the starters had the ability to grow at acid (3; 4; 5.5), neutral (7) as basic (9) pH conditions but the highest growth varied with the culture medium initial pH. They had an acidifying capacity which was better expressed when the initial pH was greater than 5. The starter L1 was the best acidifying starter at all initial pH with values of 0.4, 1.3, 2.6 and 4.1, respectively at pH 4, 5.5, 7 and 9. Their growth was not completely inhibited by the ethanol up to 7.5% but the starter which better face to ethanol toxicity varied according to incubation time. These starters had the capacity to grow in sorghum sweet wort and fermented it at temperatures of 30?C, 35?C and 40?C. The principal component analysis revealed that the beers obtained at 30?C and 35?C with starters L2-L6, L1-L2-L6 on one hand and L1-L2, L1-L6, L2 on the other hand had similar characteristics.
H?lya Pehlivan and Pınar K?seoğlu.
This study aims at exhibiting prospective biology teachers? perspectives of reward and punishment in education. The study group was composed of 99 pre-service biology teachers attending the Biology Education Department of Hacettepe University in the 2015-2016 academic year. The participants were given a semi-structured questionnaire form containing the statements ?reward/punishment in education is just like?. because?.?, and ?a teacher giving reward/punishment in education is just like?. because?.? The participants were also asked to answer the question ?what three things does reward/punishment in education remind you of?? The technique of content analysis was employed in this study in analysing the data obtained. The data were analysed through MAXQDA12 - a program for qualitative data analysis - and then were interpreted. Accordingly, students perceive reward in education as a positive element whereas they perceive punishment as a negative element.
Madhuri Patil, Priyanka Jain and Alka Patankar.
Background and Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the causes ,clinical course & feto-maternal outcome and prognostic factors affecting the outcome in cases of viral hepatitis in pregnancy.
Methods: Sixty-one pregnant women reporting to the hospital with hepatitis during the study period of 2 years from January 2015 to December 2016 were enrolled as cases and their haematological, biochemical and viral profiles were studied. A comparison was done between the survivors and non- survivors and factors predicting mortality were studied . The unpaired student t test and fischre exact test were used to find out whether the differences were statistically significant.
Results: Most of the patients were primigravida (51 %) and were in the third trimester of pregnancy(82%).Viral Hepatitis in pregnancy caused a very high maternal mortality (18%). Hepatitis E virus was the commonest causative organism (55%) responsible for viral hepatitis during pregnancy. It also caused the highest maternal mortality due to fulminant hepatic failure. Maternal mortality was significantly higher in those women presenting with features of encephalopathy, high bilirubin levels, high liver enzymes and prolonged prothrombin time.
Conclusions: Hepatitis E is the chief causative organism causing fulminant hepatic failure in pregnant women.
Zahraa Kadhim Mohammed, Hassan H. AL-Saeed and Anees K. Nile.
Background:CYP7B1 expression has been decreased in ER-positive tumors compared with normal breast tissues. Tumors get 27-HC from the blood and also convert cholesterol into 27-HC within the own cells. In addition, there are greater 27HC levels in tumor samples compared with controls. Furthermore, survival of cancer patients is markedly poor for patients with low versus high tumor CYP7B1 expression.
Objective:Attempt to use a simple and new method for determination the activity of CYP7B1 in tissues of women with benign and malignant breast tumors using ELISA technique with some modification.
Methods:This case control study was conducted on sixty patients with breast diseases were divided into three group, group I contained twenty patients with benign breast diseases, group II consisted of twenty premenopausal patients with breast cancer. Group III comprised twenty postmenopausal patients with breast cancer with the mean age and standard deviation (25.25? 7.87, 38.65? 6.28, 58.5? 7.02 years). Oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) were measured in tissues by instrument ELISA technique with some modification.
Result:The activity of CYP7B1 in tissue homogenates of women with breast tumors are increased when the time increased to limited time (1,5,10,15 min) then decreased when the time increasing to 30 minute. This activity was increased in benign compared with pre and postmenopausal woman with breast cancer
Conclusions:A simple and new method for determination of the activity of 25-hydroxycholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7B1) in tissue homogenates of women with breast tumors was developed using ELISA technique.
Aarthi Pugazhendhi and D. Satish Sekar.
There is considerable use of A. barbadensis in folk medicine in the southernmost United States, and some cosmetics and patent medicines generally found on the market are prepared from the gel in the leaves and from the juice. There is a lack of production of Aloe leaf to meet the industry demand and so it is necessary to undertake large scale cultivation of Aloe. Large scale propagation can be standardized through Tissue culture where the yield is more and highly free from diseases, pests. Poor natural propagation by means of axillary shoots and the presence of male sterility are the two major barriers in rapid propagation of A. barbadensis. This plant is highly nutritive which contains the phytochemicals and antioxidants used for therapeutic purposes. In this study, the production and development of the medicinal plant was done through tissue culture and the phytochemical compounds and antioxidants for therapeutic use will be identified after its hardening. Phytochemical studies and the antioxidant activity tests from the hardened leaves prove the medicinal property in Aloe vera and the Aloe vera gel obtained can be used as an organic fertilizer for the enrichment of plants. This implies that the tissue culture method serves as the best time consuming method for obtaining Aloe vera as a multi-purposeful plant.
P. R. Santhi, G. Selvanathan and G. Poongothai.
In this study a new N-Mannich base Morpholino Methyl Maleic Hydrazide (MMMH) was synthesized by introducing morpholinomethyl moiety in place of active hydrogen atom attached to nitrogen of maleichydrazide through Mannich reaction.The newly synthesized mannich base structure was characterized by elemental analysis,IR,UV-Visible,NMR and Mass spectra.Based on the spectral and analytical data the structure of the N-Mannich base was confirmed.
Mahmood Alam.
The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of concept attainment model of teaching on achievement in teaching of science among secondary school students. The data was collected using Group Test of General Mental Ability constructed by S.S. Jalota (1972) and Achievement test in Sciences prepared by Investigator. Data included 120 randomly selected students of IX th class from two schools (1 Government and 1 Private) at Aligarh (U.P.). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compare the means between the groups. Finding of the study revealed that concept attainment model is effective in terms of achievement of students in teaching of science.
Sandeep Kaur and Amarjeet Kaur.
An experiment was conducted at the department of Horticulture, Khalsa College, Amritsar(Punjab) during the year 2016-17 to study the role of foliar spray of NAA(50,75,100 ppm), 2,4-D (30,40,50ppm) and Urea(1%, 1.5% and 2%) on yield and quality of guava cv. Allahabad Safeda. The design of experiment was Randomised Block Design (RBD) with factorial arrangement. The results of the study indicated that foliar spray of 50 ppm 2,4-D was found to be the best for increasing yield(47.39Kg/tree). Maximum fruit length at harvest (8.90 cm), fruit weight(203.0 g) were recorded under foliar application of 100 ppm NAA. Various quality parameters namely total sugars(10.46%),reducing sugars(4.99 %), non-reducing sugars(5.47%) and TSS(11.050Brix) were also found to be improved with the application of 50 ppm 2,4-D.
Ahmed Hassan, Timour El Husseiny, Mahmoud El Sebaie, Ayman Soliman, Yousry Emad, Mohamed El Shafie, Ehab Shehata, Essam Al Abassi, Osama Mostafa, Abdallah Kaddah, Ahmed Morrah, Adel Wanas, Adham El Sharkawi, Osama El Shazli, Ahmed Galal, Mohamed Zaki, Sami Nafie, Magdy El Sayed and El Zaher Hasan.
Venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) is a major health threat despite the availability of various prophylactic regimens with favourable benefit-risk ratio. Guidelines on thrombo-embolic disorders and their management are also available. However, there are still gaps between guidelines and real life clinical practice. Patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries are at high risk of developing VTE. Our study aims to compare real life VTE prophylaxis received by patients to the recommendations set by international ACCP guidelines (2008) during hospitalization and after hospital discharge and to detect the possible reasons for discrepancies. The study was a local, multicenter, longitudinal, non-interventional study with 4-6 weeks follow-up for patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries and included a total of 3 visits; admission visit, discharge visit, and a follow-up visit. Each of the twenty active wards recruited around 10 to 15 consecutive patients. When this study was conducted, data was compared to what was recommended by ACCP 2008 guidelines to assess compliance. Our results shows that real life VTE prophylaxis was compliant to ACCP 2008 guidelines in a majority of patients both during hospitalization (96.6%; 95% CI: 94.7, 98.6%) and after hospital discharge (73.3%; 95% CI: 68.4, 78.2%). Reasons for non-compliance to guidelines during hospitalization included late starting of VTE prophylaxis, not prescribing VTE prophylaxis and prescribing other anti-thrombotic agents not recommended by the guidelines. Reasons for post discharge non-compliance included no prophylaxis, longer or shorter prophylaxis and prescribing other anti-thrombotic agents not recommended by the guidelines. VTE prophylactic medications prescribed for patients who underwent major orthopedic surgery were compliant to ACCP 2008 guidelines during hospitalization and after hospital discharge.
Deepak Sethi, Col. KK Ashta2, Maj Kirti and Rani and Mr. Mangesh Jabde.
Background: Obesity is one of the major health problems now days. It is not always necessary that if the person is not obese, the serum cholesterol level is normal. Various interventions are available now days including dietary supplements which claim to reduce serum cholesterol level.
Methods: An experimental study has done on 40 samples (20 experimental and 20 control) selected randomly in Pune city, India. Apple cider vinegar (oral) therapy was given to experimental group for the duration of 4 months from January, 2017 to April, 2017. Confounding variables were controlled by selecting homogeneous sample of males and who were regularly going for morning walk daily (both experimental & control). T-test was used to compare experimental and control group. Chi- square test was used to determine the association between socio-demographical variables and observed data.
Results: Independent T-Test results showed that there is significant difference between the experimental group and control group (p< .005). Chi-square shows significant association between age, BMI and the serum cholesterol level (p=.002).
Conclusion: Results showed that regular intake of apple cider vinegar empty stomach in morning and before each meal helps to reduce total cholesterol level as well as LDL level.
Kuriakose Jayesh, Lal Raisa Helen, A Vysakh, Eldhose Binil and *M. S. Latha.
Terminalia bellirica(Gaertn.)Roxb. (Family: Combretaceae) is a well known medicinal plant used in various traditional herbal formulations used to cure several diseases. The dried fruit of Terminalia bellerica has an important place in the traditional Indian system of medicine and forms a major ingredient of several medicaments including ?Triphala-? used as general health tonic in Ayurveda. The current study aims to investigate the cytotoxic effect of bioactive ethyl acetate fraction of T.bellirica fruits (EFTB) on L929 cell line. The toxic changes imposed by varying concentrations of the fraction were evaluated by different techniques including MTT, neutral red and LDH leakage assay. The in vitro toxicity studies showed that EFTB, even at its highest concentration of 100 μg/ml used in the study exhibited only mild level of toxicity in L929 cells. The LD50 values of EFTB in all the cytotoxicity assays were found comparatively higher which points to the non- toxic nature of the plant derived bioactive fraction that can be developed into herbal therapeutic agent after further detailed in vivo toxicity studies.
M. raja, amutha gnana arasi, m. gopal rao and b. anandhi.
Cancer is still one of the most dangerous diseases worldwide. The application of nanotechnology in medicine, known as nano medicine, has paved a way for introduction of nanoparticles in treating serious disease such as cancer. Nanotechnology differentiates cancer cells from normal cells by active and passive targeting which is essential in cancer treatment. Metal nanoparticle find application in cancer diagnosis, treatment and monitoring all in a single product enhance patient compliance and minimising potential adverse effects. Gold and silver are known as noble metals and the nanoparticles fabricated from these noble metals find number of applications in cancer imaging, photodiode therapy, hyperthermia and tissue targeting and they enable clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment of various cancer. The safety issues mainly toxicity on long time usages of this noble metal nanoparticles are to be addressed. This review highlights the unique properties, clinical applications of noble metal nanoparticles and its challenges.
Ch.Varalakshmi and Srivani.
The importance of corporate governance in today?s modern and aggressive business environment cannot be denied.The main motive of corporate governance is to enhance effective, entrepreneurial and efficient management that can deliver the long-term success of the company.Many multinational companies are following corporate governance.In the current scenario corporate governance is a hot topic , it is a relatively new field of study. Achieving best practices has been hindered by a patchwork system of regulation, a mix of public and private policy makers.and the lack of an accepted metric for determining what constitutes successful corporate governance. policy.Following the great financial scandal in big companies, like Enron,Satyam, World Com, Adelphi, Cisco and ?, one of the most topics raised by researchers and from investors is Corporate Governance.It clearly convey the necessity for company management control, division of economical unit from its ownership and enhancing the performance of the board of managers, auditors, accounting system, internal control, and finally maintaining investors and stakeholders\' rights. Using efficient managers in companies results in growth of their performance, leading to stockholders rights too; consequently financial performance will be increased and company control will be better performed.Corporate Governance importance in the world is at some extent that Standard & Poors institute has introduced following multiple criteria to measure corporate governance status: ownership structure, financial stockholders relationships, structure and how-to-act of the board of managers, and clearance and disclosure of the information. Due to the topic importance, this article will reflects the corporate governance and its conceptual framework, types of existed theories, types of the corporate governance, and comparing them with each others as well as attempting to develop corporate governance. studies applied guided bone regeneration while three studies did not.
M. Sulthon Masyhud, Zakiyah Tasnim and Khutobah.
This study aimed to find an effective way/ action to improve the quality of questioning skill practice achievement in Microteaching by using clinical supervision model. The research subjects were 15 students (prospective teachers) of elementary school teacher education program, who attended the microteaching class in the even semester of 2015/2016. The study was conducted in 2 cycles, by applying clinical supervision model with oral feedback and with video feedback. Performance test with observation checklist was used to collect the data needed. Statistics descriptive was applied to analyse the collected data.The research result showed that the application of clinical supervision model with video feedback can improve 23.90% of the quality of questioning skill practice achievement, reduce 69.26% of errors in asking questions, and increase 49,49% of the frequency of basic questioning skill practice
Shaima?a Al Ahmadi, Mulham Korani and Bakr Kalo.
Objectives: To estimates the level of knowledge of cervical cancer, cervical screening and to identify their determinants among MOH PHC physicians in Makkah Al-Mokarramah city 2016.
Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was done among physicians working at Ministry of health primary health care centers, Makkah AL-Mokarramah A validated self-created self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection including (socio-demographic and physicians? knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening guidelines).
Results: The study included 137 physicians, with a mean age 39.7 ? 8.8 years. Almost half of participants (46.7%) were males, 43.1% were Saudi, 36.5% of PHCCs were JCI/CBAHI-accredited. Most participants (89.1%) heard about Pap smear testing, while only 36.5% had an MOH-protocol for cervical cancer screening, 33.6% ask asymptomatic female patients about screening for cancer cervix, 14.6% always refer female patients for screening for cancer cervix, 49.6% read about cervical screening guidelines last year, 26.3% attended CME on cervical cancer and its screening last year. The most frequent correctly answered statements by PHC physicians about cancer cervix were related to cervical cancer is preventable (78.8%) and history of sexually transmitted infections as a high-risk factor for cervical cancer (73.7%). Overall, 31.4% of the physicians were knowledgeable regarding cancer cervix and its screening guidelines.
Conclusion: The overall knowledge of PHC physicians working at MOH inside Makkah AL-Mokarramah was suboptimal regarding cervical cancer and its screening guidelines.
PHC physicians should be encouraged toward regularly attending CME courses/workshops on prevention and management of cancer cervix.
Nada Saleh Albalawi and Khalil Abu Jamilah.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice regarding breast cancer and its screening among women in King Khalid Armed Forces Hospital, Tabuk 2017.
Methods: It was cross sectional study-facility based study carried out in Tabuk city including a random sample of women (336) aged 18 years and above attending family medicine clinic and women health center, King Khalid Armed Forces hospital throughout the period between 1st of March and 30 of April, 2017. Breast cancer awareness measure (CAM) validated questionnaire was used to collect the data.
Results: The age of almost one-third of them (34.2%) ranged between 30 and 39 years. Overall, the sufficient overall knowledge regarding breast cancer was observed among 13.1% of the participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older women were more likely to have insufficient knowledge about breast cancer compared to younger women (AOR=2.98, 95% CI=1.03-8.68, p=0.016 and AOR=2.83, 95% CI=0.05-14.79, p=0.049, respectively). Most of women (75.6%) rarely or never checked their breast , 8% did this at least once a month, 76.5% were not at all confident in noticing breast changes whereas only 1.2% of them were fairly confident ,27.4% saw a doctor about noticed breast changed whereas 44.9% of the women never noticed breast changes.
Conclusion: Minority of adult women attending family medicine clinic and women health center, King Khalid Armed Forces hospital, Tabuk have sufficient knowledge of breast cancer. Most of them rarely or never checked their breast and not at all confident in noticing breast changes.
Nidhi Gupta, Arvind Khajuria, Abhishek Padha, KC Goswami
Hadeel Safi Mujallid and Sarah Saleh.
Rani S MSc Nursing.
ABSTRACT
Background: Feminine appearance is said to be enormously important to the self - image of every woman. Breast self-examination is the important self-screening for early detection of breast cancer. So it is essential for every woman to have a basic knowledge on importance and techniques of breast self-examination and to practice regularly.
Objective: To assess the existing level of knowledge on breast self-examination and to identify the factors associated with the knowledge.
Methodology:
Research Design: A cross-sectional survey design. Setting: Outpatient department, Southern railway hospital, India. Sample: 60 women attending OPD at southern railway Hospital, India. Data collection: Pre tested self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to describe the variables and to find factors associated with it. Research Variables: knowledge of women on Breast self – examination.
Results: Majority 70% of women had inadequate knowledge on breast self- examination with the mean percentage of 45.75%, standard deviation +/- 3.2. Education, family history of breast cancer and marital status had significant association with the level of knowledge on breast self- examination.
Conclusions: Almost 70% of women had insufficient knowledge on breast self-examination which in turn reflects that most of women do not engage in regular practice of BSE.
Implications for Nursing: Health education for women from the late adolescent age should include the need, and techniques of breast self- examination with demonstration.
KEY WORDS: knowledge, Breast self – examination (BSE), Health education, Southern railway hospital.
Dr. Sanjay I. Solanki.
Marriage also called matrimony or wedlock is a socially or ritually recognized union between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, between them and their in-laws. When defined broadly, marriage is considered as a cultural universal, the legal status, condition, or relationship that results from a contract by which one man and one woman, who have the capacity to enter into such an agreement, mutually promise to live together in the relationship of husband and wife in law for life, or until the legal-termination of the relationship. Entering into a marriage contract changes the legal status of parties giving husband and wife new rights and obligations.
The traditional principle upon which the institution of marriage is founded is that a husband has the obligation to support a wife and that a wife has the duty to serve. Individuals who seek to alter marital rights and duties are permitted to do so only within legally prescribed limits. The obligation on the part of the husband to maintain his wife continues even after the annulment of marriage. Maintenance which is synonymous to spousal support or alimony is a periodic monetary sum paid by one spouse for the benefit of the other upon separation or dissolution of the marriage. Moreover, it is a legal as well as social obligation on the part of the husband.
The benevolent jurisprudence of maintenance is deeply rooted in the humanistic approach towards social and individual morality. It is secular and social in character, it is inspired by the noble aim of avoiding vagrancy and destitution. The concept of maintenance emanates from the tenets of social ethics and personal relations.
Iwan Winardi, Arsono Laksmana and Dyna Rachmawati.
Background: Public ownership in Indonesia is still low compared to other ASEAN countries such as Singapore, Thailand and Malaysia. This study aims to prove that agency conflict between principal and agent can be minimized through corporate governance.
Research method: This study used partial least squares (PLS) to examine the structural effects of latent variables. Population of this study is manufacturing companies of 460 companies. Using purposive sampling, the sample is 176 companies during 2011-2012.
Results: (1) public ownership is an antecedent variables that promote the effectiveness of corporate governance, (2) corporate governance has a role to mediate the influence of public ownership on performance, (3) corporate governance practices have greater mediation role than corporate governance component, and (4) the impact of public ownership indirectly through corporate governance practices on market performance is greater than operational performance.
Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study recommend the importance of implementing corporate governance in public companies in improving performance.
Dr. Varsha Chowdhry and Dr. G.G. Kaushik.
Background: Thyroid disorders are the commonest disorders worldwide. Thyroid disorders leads to change in lipoprotein, carbohydrate and protein metabolism. Glycation is the process of non-enzymatic addition of sugar to protein, DNA, and lipids.
Aim: To study the lipid and glycemic abnormalities in the patients of overt hypothyroidism, suclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroid patients, and compare the same with euthyroid subjects,
Methodology: The present was conducted on 300 subjects, of either sex of various age groups. Study included diagnosed thyroid disorder patients (200) attending Medical OPD, patients admitted in medical and surgical wards and patients coming in Radioimmunoassay (RIA) laboratory, Biochemistry Department J.L.N. Medical College & Hospital, Ajmer. The results of patients were compared with the hundred healthy subjects of either sex of similar age group.
The indices included:- Serum Fructosamine assayed by Nitro-Blue Tetrazolium Kinetic Method, Serum Glycated Albumin by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fasting blood glucose by GOD-POD Method, serum lipid profile was estimated by enzymatic CHOD-POD for total cholesterol. Total Triglyceride by-GPO-PAP method, HDL by CHOD-POD Phosphotungtate Method, LDL cholesterol and VLDL cholesterol were calculated by Freidwald?s formula.
Results: The mean serum fructosamine and glycated albumin levels were high in hypothyroid patients in comparison to healthy control, vice a versa was found in hyperthyroid patients which was statistically significant. Significant increased in level of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol VLDL cholesterol and decreased level of HDL was found in hypothyroid patients. The fasting blood glucose level were high in all the thyroid disorder patients but the results were within the reference range.
Conclusion: Present study indicates that monitoring of lipid profile in patients of thyroid dysfunction would be helpful in preventing cardiovascular disease ,also serum fructosamine and glycated albumin are better short term markers of glycemic index in the patients of thyroid disorder.
Andhika Yuli Rimbawan1, Gunarto2, Jawade Hafidz3, Anis Mashdurohatun4
The purpose of this study was to find the reconstruction of legal protection of patients in hospital on the use of x-rays in the health field that have not been based on the value of justice. The method of research that will be used is socio legal, to see Through strong regulation for patient protection by stricter supervision to hospital in health service implementation using x-ray method. This study resulted in an Integrated Global Patient Theory formulated in the legal reconstruction of several laws and regulations that dealt directly with the problem of abuse of x-rays to patients, namely the Health Act, the Medical Act, the Hospital Act and several health minister Regulation who deals with all forms of health services by x-ray method.
Dincy Babu and T. Balasaravanan.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of humus as carrier for PGPR isolates to improve the growth of crop plants. The NFB, PSB and KSB isolates separately and in combination were mixed with humus and cured. The shelf life of PGPR in the carrier based preparations were monitored upto 6 months and found to be maximum at 105th day for PSB & KSB and 120th day for NFB. At 180th day no growth was obtained. But the carrier incorporated with 10% sucrose showed microbial growth after 210 days. The effect of biofertilizer preparations were tested on brinjal seedlings at 7 treatments in 5 replications. Co-inoculated pots were reported with better growth rate when compared to control pots. The soil analysis showed significant increase in plant available nutrients in soils treated with coinoculation of NFB, PSB and KSB. From this study, it is concluded that humus can be used as an effective, ecofriendly and long lasting carrier for bioinoculum to be used as bioferlilizer to improve the growth of vegetable crops as well as soil fertility.
*Ranjith Shetty, Sreelatha SV, Padmaraj Hegde and Pushparaja Shetty.
Arising from the odontogenic epithelium, ameloblastoma is the most commonly occurring benign aggressive tumor of the jaw. Follicular and plexiform are the main histopathological variants. Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is an unusual type of ameloblastoma with specific histologic and radiologic features. The article reports a case of DA in a 40-year-old male localized to the anterior portion of the maxilla with clinical, radiographic and histopathological details. The tumor was expanding and painless in nature. The characteristic histologic feature of DA with marked stromal desmoplasia is suggestive of DA. The recurrence rate of DA is similar to that of conventional ameloblastoma and long-term follow-up is necessary to emphasize on early recurrence.
Dr. Suranjita Das, Dr. Asim Bikash Maity, Dr. Sanjit Lal Das and Dr. Pubali Sarkar.
Aim: The colour stability of the nanohybrid composite- the effects of the immersion media.
Materials and method: 50 specimens of the material to be tested were prepared with the dimension of (10mm x 2 mm thickness) by mould then the specimens divided into five main groups according to the immersion media like tea, coffee, turmeric, cocacola, listerine. The specimens were evaluated after 24 hrs and 7 days under spectrophotometer.
Results: The results showed that immersion of samples in staining solutions produce significant color change.
Conclusion: Turmeric solution has the maximum staining followed by coffee, tea, Coca cola, then Listerine.
Babaloo Kumar, Nishu and Swetnisha.
The antibacterial efficacy of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaf, stem and root of Ocimum sanctum L. were studied against 5 known pathogenic gram positive and gram negative bacteria (namely, Staphylococcusaureus, Clostridium bovis, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiellapneumoniae and Escherichia coli) by cup diffusion method with a control antibiotic (chloramphenicol). The aqueous and ethanolic extracts of O. Sanctum L. were found to be effective against all the bacteria cultured and tested in laboratory. The extracts of leaf, stem and root were most effective against S. typhi showing zone of inhibition (ZI) =11 mm, 10.90 mm and 10.75 mm (ethanolic) respectively and ZI = 10.75 mm, 10.60 mm and 10.55 mm (aqueous) respectively, followed by C. bovis and S. Aureus, which were at par with control (chloramphenicol). Minimum Zone of Inhibition for leaf, stem and root extracts were recorded against E. coli showing ZI = 4.00 mm, 4.20 mm, 3.75 mm (ethanolic) respectively and ZI = 3.75 mm, 3.70 mm, 3.50mm (aqueous) respectively. The results indicate that leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum L. was most effective as it was most potent against all the pathogens tested. This significant potential of Ocimum sanctum L. makes it an effective antibacterial agent and can be further explored for their antibacterial efficacy. This work may be useful to find out new antibacterial drugs having no side-effects.
Tamara Alsharif and Samera Hussein.
Objectives: To assess FM resident?s satisfaction and determinants of dissatisfaction regarding the HDRC of the JPFCM program in Makkah Al-Mukarramah Region.
Methodology: Following a cross-sectional design, this study included 147 FM residents in Makkah Al-Mukarramh Region. A validated questionnaire was designed by the researchers for data collection, which was sent by WhatsApp messages and emailed to all FM residents registered at Makkah Al-Mukarramah JPFCM Program.
Results: The highest residents? satisfaction was related to ?environment and teaching methods?, while the lowest was that for ?presenter and presentation?. Residents? satisfaction differed significantly according to their age groups and academic levels, being least among those aged >30 years, and those in R4. Satisfaction regarding ?environment and teaching methods? differed significantly according to their city and participants? time. Satisfaction regarding ?organization? differed significantly according to presenters and participants? time. Satisfaction regarding ?overall satisfaction? items differed significantly according to presenters and participants? time, seniors and half day time having the higher dissatisfaction.
Conclusions: The highest residents? satisfaction regarding HDRC is related to ?environment and teaching methods?, while the highest dissatisfaction is related to ?presenter and presentation? component. Highest dissatisfaction toward all components are among senior presenters, aged >30 years and those at R4. Residents have more dissatisfaction toward the half-day course than the full-day course.
Ali Mohammaddoust and Zahra Khodaiari.
Responsibility to protect or \"R to P\" refers to the \"principle of responsibility to protect\", and on the basis of which the government is not a privilege, but a \"responsibility\" that leaders should have towards the people. Each government has a duty to protect its people against mass murder, war crimes, racial or ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. This responsibility requires the prevention of such crimes through appropriate and necessary means. Accordingly, a government should not wage war and slaughter against its own people and justify this oppression with \"sovereignty\" and principles such as \"non-interference\" and \"equality of states\". If the government fails to take responsibility for it and resort to the hot and cold war against its own people, and it brings forth wars and massacres, the international community has the right to interfere in that country. This interference is not from the beginning of a violent and armed struggle. The international community can deal with the government at the beginning of the law and put political and economic constraints on it to stop harassing its own people, but this interference can also be drawn into a military confrontation, an interference that needs to change the situation in its own perspective. And he will end the war and massacre. Meanwhile, this military intervention should be inevitably inevitable. That is, diplomatic methods do not answer. Another point is that this intervention does not necessarily take into account the fall of the anti-people government from the outset, and the overthrow of the perpetrated government (even if it is not announced) is not its predetermined objective. In this paper, the authors are seeking to investigate the Syrian crisis and be responsible for the protecting international organizations in the crisis, and this raises the question of whether international organizations in the process of protecting responsibility have managed to control the Syrian crisis.
Siba Prasad Mishra and Saswat Mishra.
The Anthropocene epoch in geological time scale has taken over the Holocene epoch where the human forcing has dominated the nature. The activities and growth in population have changed the geosphere. biosphere and atmosphere. The Mahanadi river basin and Chilika lagoon are of areas 141589 Km2 and 1165 km2 respectively in peninsular central India near tropic of cancer. The basin has changed its geomorphology/biodiversity after the 1st nuclear test in 1945 by way of change in population, climate, drainages, land use, land cover, mining and carbon level. In India, many species have become extinct or critically endangered during the Anthropocene. The present study investigates those exemplary changes in the Mahanadi basin due to changes in its demography, rainfall, temperature, carbon dioxide level, GHG gases, mineral mediation, geohydrology, hydro-chemistry, social, economic and political fronts in the new Epoch. The states Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the basin have undergone exponential changes after missile activities in Odisha, the super cyclone, Tsunami-2004, massive mining exploration, high GDP growth in Chhattisgarh, acute sedimentation in Chilika Lagoon, erosion and accretion along coast and changes in mean sea level, and other natural calamities. The devastating floods in 1982 and 2008, hottest sun on 5th June 2003 (500 C) at Titlagarh, Killer heat waves in 1998, unstable sea, slamming severe storms, abnormal increase in lightning fatalities, human mediated minerals and new health hazards are marked events of the Anthropocene in the basin. The present study is to record the changes, their causes and action to be taken to manage the adverse effects.
Kapure G.P, Shete S.B and U.D. Joshi.
Zeolite is synthesized from coal fly ash were attracting huge attention in current era of research because of their uncomplicated, unhazardous synthesis way. The eco-friendly properties have opened a wide field of applications of using these materials in different technologically important fields such as catalysis, adsorption and gas separation. Hence, the commercial zeolite ZSM-5 with their modified forms which were synthesized from coal fly ash is used to test their applications as catalysts, adsorbents and ion conducting materials.
Zeolite synthesized from fly ash is crystalline micro porous alumino-silicates solids containing cavities and channels of a molecular size. The physicochemical properties and the reactivity of the resulting material can vary drastically. The extra-framework species of fly ash aluminosilicates were modified by ion exchange treatments to prepare materials in which transition metal species are well-dispersed, well-mixed and highly accessible to reactants.
In order to obtain a comprehensive picture of morphology, sophisticated analytical techniques were performed by various instrumental methods like XRD, FTIR, SEM, BET surface area analyzer,
Pardeep Kumar, Dr. Harpreet Aneja and Dr. Ashwani Kumar.
Performance evaluation of investments is of great concern to the investors especially when they have to forego their hard earned money in the form of fees for rendering professional fund management services. In this maiden study performance evaluation of equity-oriented Mutual Funds and Unit Linked Insurance Plan (ULIP) funds is done for the period April 2008 to March 2016. Multi factor models Fama & French Three Factor Model and Carhart Four Factor Model are used to evaluate the selected 80 mutual funds and 60 ULIP funds. It is found that mutual fund managers are adding significant value to the return generation, whereas the ULIP fund managers are not able to add significant value to the return generation.
Fahrizal Zulkarnain.
Abstract: In determining the strength of K-300 concrete mix that is suitable for earthquake-resistant housing infrastructure, it is necessary to research the materials to be used for proper quality and quantity so that the mixture can be directly applied to the resident\\\'s housing, in the quake zone. In the first stage, the examination/sieve analysis of the fine aggregate or sand, and the sieve analysis of the coarse aggregate or gravel will be carried out on the provided sample weighing approximately 40 kilograms. Furthermore, the specific gravity and absorbance of aggregates, the examination of the sludge content of aggregates passing the sieve no. 200, and finally, examination of the weight of the aggregate content. In the second stage, the planned concrete mix by means of the Mix Design K-300 is suitable for use in Indonesia, with implementation steps: Planning of the cement water factor, Planning of concrete free water (liters/m3), Planning of cement quantity, Planning of minimum cement content, Planning of adjusted cement water factor, Planning of estimated aggregate composition, Planning of estimated weight of concrete content, Calculation of composition of concrete mixture, Calculation of mixed correction for various water content.
Keywords: composition of concrete mix, concrete strength, concrete strength test, earthquake-resistant housing.
Abhishek Ghosh Biswas and Dr. Dheeraj Khatri.
Pulmonary Function Tests are designed to measure how well the lungs are working. Differences in lung function is observed among people residing at high altitudes and those belonging to plain terrains. A number of researchers in India have investigated the use of drugs and smoking among medical students. The study aimed at finding out the regional differences in the lung function between students of the North Eastern States and the students from the rest of the country and to find out the differences between lung function among smokers and non-smokers in people from the two groups.Methods:The research was carried out among 326 young healthy individuals in the age group of 17- 35 years of the college. The students were asked to fill a questionnaire asking their demographic details and details of smoking habits. Following which they were asked to fill Fagerstorm Questionnaire if they were smoking currently. A spirometric analysis was performed thereafter on them using a computerised Spirometry.Results:The results of this study suggest that smokers had lower lung function values as compared to non- smokers and maximum of the smokers had moderate dependence on nicotine. There was no significant difference among the students of northeastern states and those from other parts of the country.Conclusion: There was no significant difference in lung functioning in the two groups because of the presence of migratory population in the hilly areas and since the ethnic difference was not taken into account.The lower FVC value in smokers could be attributed to weakened muscles and lung changes as compared to non smokers.
Mutaz Tarik Shakir And G.Chenna Reddy
The current article focuses on the investigation of the theme of social and racial identity of the African American characters in the fictional works of Richard Wright?s Native Son (1940) and autobiography Black Boy (1945) created a controversial world shocking the sensibilities of both Black and White America by presenting the cultural and social realities behind racism that has been a matter of question in the United States for centuries. In the social climate characterized by racial conflicts and psychic tension specific to the previously mentioned period, the identity formation process of the Negroes is a highly debatable and a never ending one. Therefore numerous literary exemplifications from Richard Wright?s novels and short stories will be offered, including Wright?s self-referential account that also illustrates the tragedy of an author held captive in a hostile world. Thus, this study aimed to discuss how the racial stereotypical picture held in both groups? mind became destructive and double-edged racism by focusing on racism on identity, social and cultural conflicts of racism in Wright?s Native Son and in Black Boy.
I Ketut Mahardika, Subiki And Siti Maimunah
This article discusses momentum and impulse learning helped by worksheet based RGM to SMA by using PBL model. The purpose of this article is to describe how momentum and impulse learning helped by worksheet based RGM representation using PBL model. The investigation method used in this article is a descriptive method by describing the result of research data qualitatively in the form of written knowledge that had been written by the expert from various resources. The information resource obtained is in the form of data, journal, text book, proceeding or scientific article. The steps used in the article are the data, collected through a scientific journal, book, observation, and the internet, after getting the data, done by analyzing the data as a classification process and grouped data. The result of the investigation data show that momentum and impulse learning helped by worksheet RGM in SMA by using PBL model become guided because the students joined directly in the learning process, so it can increase students learning activity and student retention in material
Samira Shakeri Fakher and S.J.Manjunath.
The study determines Indian female consumers’ awareness of colour cosmetic brands issues and whether it impacted on their purchase decisions.146 respondents were interviewed from Bangalore city. The findings indicate that female Indian consumers have a high level (90%) of awareness of colour cosmetic marketing issues and it influenced the purchase decision of 92%. Price was ranked ahead of cosmetic brands concerns as influencing purchase decisions. It ascertained that younger consumers are more likely to be motivated by colour cosmetic issues. Indian female consumers’ awareness of colour cosmetic issues can be enhanced if cosmetic brands producers and campaigners develop strategic promotional activities.
Edward Chisakulo and Dr. Stephen Kambani.
Fiscal regime is one of the key features of mineral policy investors assess when considering investing in a specific jurisdiction. A competitive and equitable fiscal regime from an investor?s perspective attracts foreign direct investment (FDI) in the extractive industry of a country. This research aimed at examining the competitiveness of the June 2016 Zambian mine tax system in relation to different jurisdictions. The method of study employed quantitative evaluation of the country?s mine tax system based on financial modeling of a stylised copper mine to assess the distribution of the tax burden between investors and the Zambian government. Quantitative modeling results of the hypothetical model showed that Zambia has a comparable and competitive effective tax rate (ETR) at 54.5 percent falling within the range of the World Bank?s optimal estimates (40-60%) based on the employed assumptions in the copper model. The study further revealed that mine taxation system was regressive with mineral royalty tax, operating costs and commodity price and was fairly neutral with respect to capital expenditure and corporate income tax. The noted low correlation between ETR and the used headline taxes indicated that headline taxes should not be treated discretely as bases for taxation regime design. A combination of elements in the mineral taxation policies is what determines the competitiveness and overall government returns from a project. The study recommended that Zambia needs to strengthen its institutional capacities to enhance tax administration, policy formulation and mining sector monitoring.
M Dolera, L Malfassi, N Carrara, S Finesso, S Marcarini, G Mazza, S Pavesi, M Sala and G Urso.
Objective: to assess High Dose Hypofractionated Volume Modulated Arc Radiotherapy (HDH-VMAT) feasibility and clinical efficacy in canine meningiomas.
Design: a prospective study was conducted on thirty-three patients with a presumptive diagnosis of encephalic meningiomas assumed from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings.
Methods: all dogs, whose neurological status was scored through the use of an innovative evaluation scale (Romanengo Veterinary Neurological Scale ? RVNS), received HDH-VMAT by a Linear Accelerator (LINAC) equipped with an external beam modulator micro-multileaf collimator and an XVI Cone Beam Computed Tomography system (CBCT). The prescribed mean dose was 33 Gy delivered in 5 fractions. The treatment feasibility was tested through planned and delivered dose agreement checks. Regular clinical examinations were performed during and after irradiation time with regard to mentation, deambulation, cranial nerve dysfunction and seizures. Serial MRI exams were done 60 days after irradiation and after 4, 6, 12, 18, 24 months. Volumetric disease reduction criteria implemented with clinical neurological systematic evaluation were adopted to assess the course and to categorize patients? response.
Results: complete and partial responses were observed on the whole in 65,5% of alive patients 24 months after irradiation. Two-year overall and disease-specific survival rates were 74.3% and 97.4%, respectively, and the putative radiotoxic effects were found to be few and slight.
Conclusions: HDH-VMAT is a valid therapeutic option for encephalic canine meningioma. Volumetric MRI evaluation together with the hereby proposed RVNS should be considered for the evaluation of the post-treatment response.
K.S. Solanki and Abhilasha Singh
Multiple Active Spatial Modulation (MA-SM) is a very popular scheme for MIMO systems. MA-SM scheme is used to achieve high diversity, high transmission rate and multiplexing gain with minimum number of active transmit antennas. It also reduces the interchannel intereference and interantenna interference. In this paper, we discuss the comparision of MA-SM with.
Maeena Naman Shafiee.
Wazwan, an integral part of Kashmiri culture is a very elaborate preparation of 7 to 36 dishes that are mainly made up of mutton or beef, chicken, fruits and vegetables. Preparation of wazwan does not follow any fixed Standard operating procedure nor is it done in an organized quality regulated sector. This leads to multiple scientific flaws in its preparation which need to be taken care of for making the production of same nutritious, safe and hygienic. This product has now started to reach even international markets hence it is very important to maintain its good quality so that it is safe for consumption. This paper reviews the method of production of wazwan, the flaws in its production and the risks related with same.
Manish Kumar Alok.
Bhagna (Fracture) is an epitome where bone or bones get interrupted. Everyday 40 to 50 percent cases of opd are suffering from such type of ailments. Few traditional practitioners specifically dealing with fractures called ?BONE SETTERS? have been effectively using herbo?mineral drugs over many centuries. The drug (ASTHISAMRADHI CHURNA WITH ASHWAGANDHA) studied has shown to reduce the various complications encountered after the removal of plaster of Paris (pop). Asthisamharadi churna with Ashwagandha, has also effective role in reducing the total duration of treatment.
Sherif A. Nasef, , Amer S. Zahralliyali, Mazen A. Elyahia, Ahmed Y. Alothman and Hanan M.Alrammah
Varalakshmi. B and Jayasmita Rath.
Human capital of the organization forms the most valuable asset. It is the human resource that contributes directly or indirectly to the achievement of organizational goals. For this reason, every Organization is striving hard to attract and retain talents so as to attain competitive advantage. But today every organization whether it is manufacturing or service sector are facing high attrition rate of employees. The reason for attrition differs from sector to sector. Both manufacturing and service sector adopt different retention strategies in order to retain their talents. This study is an outcome of the topic called ? A Comparative Study of Retention Strategy in Manufacturing and Service sector in Bengaluru. ? The main objective of this study is to know the strategies adopted by manufacturing and service sectors to retain their talents.
Thouseef Ch, Nithin Suvarna, Harish K Shetty, Vidhyadhara Shetty and Dhiyouf Ali.
Gosangi avinash.
Copper (Cu) is one of the micronutrient needed by plants which activates some enzymes in plants, also required in the process of photosynthesis and is essential in plant respiration and assists in metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. However excess of copper inhibits plant growth and impairs important cellular process (i.e. photosynthesis electron transport). In industrial effluent. Here we reviewed the adverse effects of Cu on Sorghum bicolor and was investigated. Copper was applied in the form of copper sulphate (CuSo4.5H20) in four levels (0,5,10.0 and 15.0ppm).We observed visible symptoms of Cu toxicity in this plants. The increased concentrations of Cu caused oxidative stress in plants and subsequently increased the antioxidant responses due to increased production of highly toxic oxygen free radicals which further increased the defensive mechanisms through Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Ascorbateperoxidise (APX), Guiacolperoxidise (GPX), Catalase (CAT), activites in leaves compared with that of control group.
R. T. A. C. Seneviratne and Wasantha Premarathne.
As an emerging industry, logistics plays a significant role by providing a helping hand for firms in achieving competitive edge over rivals. Maximizing profits through integrated partnerships is one of the primary objectives of both 3PL providers and their customers when dealing with outsourcing logistics activities. A rapid increase is visible in the number of companies that outsource their logistics activities to 3PL providers. Apparel firms in Sri Lanka have the highest interest in outsourcing logistics activities compared to other industries. However, lack of proper identification and fulfilment of customer requirements, which has ultimately resulted a negative perception in the minds of customers towards their 3PL providers, is a burning issue in this industry. The present study addresses this issue by identifying the factors affecting the satisfaction of 3PL customers in the apparel industry in Sri Lanka. Primary data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire from a random sample of 56 apparel firms. Trust, flexibility, effective communication, openness & transparency, effective partnering & collaboration, financial considerations, condition fulfilment, and customer relationships, were considered as the factors influencing 3PL customer satisfaction in apparel sector in Sri Lanka. 3PL customer satisfaction was viewed on two dimensions, namely, switching behaviour and customer loyalty. It revealed that all selected independent variables have positive significant relationship with customer satisfaction, while flexibility of the 3PL provider was the most significant factor that influences customer satisfaction.
Zainahalqahtani And Aisha Nasser ALQahtani
Acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion are common childhood disorders, a source of significant morbidity, and a leading cause of antibiotic prescription in primary health care. Although effective treatments are available, some shortcomings remain, and thus better treatments would be welcome. Recent discoveries within the field of otitis media research relating to its etiology and pathogenesis have led to further investigation aimed at developing novel treatments. This article provides a review of the latest evidence relating to the understanding of acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion, current treatment strategies, their limitations, new areas of research, and novel strategies for treatment.Middle ear infection (otitis media)
Walaa A. M. El-Nahrawy, Fatma A. Abu Zahra and Rabha E. A. EL-Dab
The present study was undertaken to evaluated the therapeutic effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or rutin against acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino-rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups: Group 1 (-ve control group) with no treatment; Group 2 (Acetaminophen recovery group)rats were given orally acetaminophen 750 mg/kg b.wt every 72h for two weeks then left for 60 days without any treatment ; Group 3 (Acet +rutin group) rats were given orally acetaminophen 750 mg/kg b.wt every 72h for two weeks then treated orally with rutin 25 mg/kg b.wt daily for 8 weeks ; Group 4 (Acet + MSCs) acetaminophen group then injected intravenously with a single dose of MSCs (1X10 6 ) cell / cm2 saline /animale ) and Group 5 (Acet +rutin and MSCs treated group) rats were given (750 ) mg/kg b.wt Acettaminophen every 72h for two weeks then injected intravenously with a single dose of MSCs (1X10 6 ) cell / cm2 saline /animale ) and rutin. Acetaminophen adminstration caused significant increase in serum liver enzymes (AST,ALT, ALP & γ GT) , inflammatory Cytokinase ( TNFα , IL-6 & IL-1β ) and lipid peroxidation MDA with decrease in liver Cytochrom P450 antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress (liver SOD and GSH) as compared to control group. On the other hand , administration of rutin and /MSCs exhibited marked amelioration in the previous parameters as compared to control group. The present study revealed that intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) or rutin administration are both successful methods for the improvement of liver functions in rats after the overdose effects of acetaminophen ?induced oxidative stress and inflammatory injury via retaining hepatic GSH,SOD activity ,MAD content and decreasing production of IL-6,IL-1β ,TNF-alph, cytochrom P450 and liver enzymes .
Edith N. Ahajumobi.
Introduction: This is a systematic review of literature conducted to examine the relationship between nutrition, and mental illness. Objective: The objective was to ascertain whether there is substantive evidence showing the relationship between nutrition, and mental illness, to provide substantive evidence that could support revising the Canadian policies to include the nutritional link. Methods: The study used narrative approach of the qualitative design to read, digest, interpret, and summarize the evidence gathered. Due to time constraints, the study obtained all evidence reviewed from Google Scholar search, Google search, CNAHL, and MEDLINE databases only. All reviewed articles were obtained online only. The search terms were: food factor to mental illness, dietary factor to mental illness, Peer reviewed articles on nutritional factor to mental illness and so forth. All search results that did not meet the criteria for selection were excluded. Only peer-reviewed articles, and evidence conducted following epidemiology standard were included among the reviewed evidence. Results: The studies reviewed were conducted in Canada, United States, UK, Australia, France, South Africa and across the globe. From the synthesis of all the reviewed evidence, the result showed a consistent, and growing evidence establishing a link between nutritional factors, and nutritional comorbidity and mental illness. The social change implication of this study is to inform public, health practice and designated authorities in view of influencing health policy decision to recognize the direct impact of food on mental health. Conclusion: Nutritional factors, and nutritional comorbidity are associated with mental illness.
Paulino Fonseca Guterres.
K. Muhammad Anaz, N. Sasidharan and M. V Dilsha.
Studies on the standardizion of vegetative propagation protocols through stem cuttings with growth regulators for five species of Salacia L. viz S. brunoniana, S. malabarica, S. oblonga, S. gambleana and S. Fruticosa belonging to the family Celastraceae was carried out at Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, Thrissur. Semi hard wood cuttings were treated with Indole Butyric Acid and Naphthalene Acetic Acid in different concentrations. Rooting response was measured after two weeks in the mist chamber. Variations were also observed in the establishment and root induction after five months of treatment according to the species and concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid. Among the treatments, cuttings treated with Indole Butyric Acid showed good results as far as rooting of the cuttings and establishment of rooted cuttings.
*Al-Shehri AS, Al-Shehri SS, Al-Hamidi AH, Dalati TA, Alhazmi AS and Eid GE.
Asthma is a chronic disorder of the airways that is characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, inflammation, and persistent airway hyperactivity. Aim of this study: was to assess the potential value of serum IFN-γ and IL-10 as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of atopic and non-atopic asthma in Saudi patients, by measurement of serum IFN- γ and IL-10 levels in atopic asthmatic and allergic patients as well as healthy volunteers.
Method: A total of 160 blood samples were assessed in this study, out of them 120 blood samples were collected from asthmatic patients at different ages and gender as well as case severity, while 40 blood samples were collected from control volunteers. These samples were collected in King Saud Medical City, kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. Results: the study data showed that levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in asthmatic patients, while levels of INF-γ showed marked decrease in asthmatic patients compared to the study control volunteers. This indicates that there is immunological imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in asthmatic patients.
Pascoal Marcal Belo
It was conducted to answer the following questions: about the grammatical errors made by the first year students of vocational school of economics and commerce Becora ? Dili in writing descriptive text, the dominant errors committed by the first grade students in writing descriptive text, the solution to overcome the errors made by the students in their English Writing Texts? Based on the problems stated above, the objectives of the study are as follows: (1) to find out the grammatical errors in writing descriptive text made by the first grade students of Vocational School of Economics and Commerce Becora - Dili, (2) to find out the dominant grammatical errors committed by the first grade students of Vocational School of Economics and Commerce Becora - Dili. (3) to find out the solution to overcome the errors made by the students in their English Writing Texts? The total number of the first grade students of Vocational School of Economics and Commerce Becora - Dili was 500 students. The sample of this study is 30 students of the first grade students of Vocational School of Economics and Commerce Becora ? Dili. The method applied in this study was descriptive method and the instrument used was writing task. The students were given chance to write a composition based on their own topic. The taxonomy used by the writer in analyzing the data was surface strategy taxonomy, consisting of omission, addition, misordering and misformation. The result of the analysis showed that the errors committed by the first grade students of Vocational School of Economics and Commerce Becora ? Dili in school year 2016/2017 was omission (45.67%), misformation (23.45%), addition (13.58%), and misordering (14.58%). The total number of error was 81.The most frequent error was omission. Based on the result of this study, the following was the suggestions for the teacher: the teacher should teach the students on how to write a good text especially in writing descriptive text and give the students chance to learn more about good text and focus on grammar especially tenses and subject verb agreement.
Chetan S Khanapur, Renuka Nayar, Neethu Divakar, Kavitha Rajagopal, Sunanda C and Magna Thomas.
Tough meat from spent chicken can be economically utilized for preparing various convenience meat products which are nutritious and tasty. Ready-to-cook restructured chicken meat cubes were developed by incorporating spent chicken meat (SCM) into broiler chicken meat (BCM) at different ratios (T1, T2 and T3) and compared with broiler breast muscle cubes (C). Physico-chemical properties such as pH, TBARS numbers and tyrosine values showed significant (p<0.01) difference between C and treatments. Significantly (p<0.01) higher L and b values and lower a values were observed in C than treatments. Except for hardness, all texture parameters were significantly (p<0.01) lower for C. T2 and T3 showed significantly (p<0.01) higher aerobic plate count and T2 had higher yeast and mould count compared to others. C had significantly (p<0.01) lower protein, fat and ash contents than treatments. Overall acceptability scores were highest for T1 and then for C and T2. Spent hen meat can be incorporated up to 50 per cent level to prepare convenient, ready-to-cook restructured meat cubes.
Ochuba C. O, Mbe J. O., Chime C. C and Offor E. N.
Studies on manufacture of bio-ethanol have been carried out on different feed stocks including non-edible tubers. In this study, Amorphophallusflavovirens, a species of non edible tubers was used for the trial. Starch extracted from amorphophallusflavovirens was hydrolyzed with varying concentrations of 5% yeast (Saccharomyenslerevisae) at 270C for 72 hours. 0.5ml, 1.0ml, 2.0ml, 4.0ml, 8.0ml and 10.0ml of the yeast, produced 3.3%, 3.3%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4.2% and 4.6% of alcohol respectively. The percentage alcohol yield using 10ml of baker?s yeast was highest. The ethanol produced from Amorphophallusflavovirens was found to be chemically identical with alcohol produced from UMUCASS45 cassava variety from National root crops research institute Umudike. it can also be used as fuel ethanol in blends. The percentage ethanol produced was found to be directly proportional to the yeast added.
Rajeswari. R and Dr. Prema K.
Knee osteoarthritis is a form of degenerative disease affecting the elderly population worldwide. A quantitative quasi experimental study was conducted to find the reliability and feasibility of tool and intervention with 44 samples selected through convenience sampling technique for experimental and control group in orthopedic wards of SVMCHRC, Puducherry. The patients aged between 55-65 years, both gender with clinical symptoms of mild and moderate knee osteoarthritis were included as samples. Demographic and clinical data were collected by structured questionnaires. The Pain and Functional ability were assessed by using Numerical pain intensity scale and modified WOMAC osteoarthritis Index. The HEAL (Hot application, exercise, and education on activity and limitation) nursing strategy was implemented to experimental group (22 patients). The patients were followed for one week. After a week, post test conducted with same questionnaires. The results revealed that the tools used, set criteria for sample selection, the implementation of interventions were highly reliable and feasible for implementation.
Salahuddeen Ya?u and Zainab Suleiman Abubakar.
Oxidative stress result from imbalance between free radicals formation and antioxidant defence in the body. It is a process that influences entire reproductive cycle of a woman from gametogenesis, fertilization, pregnancy and embryo development. Both ROS and RNS act as signal molecules in physiological and pathological processes of female reproductive tract. Several in vitro and in vivo studies on reproductive organs lead to observation that free radicals attack and oxidize membrane macromolecules which when accumulate, amplify tissue damage and cell death. Structural identification and characterization of compounds of plant origin capable of either boosting the endogenous antioxidants or scavenging these radicals accumulating in reproductive cells is needed to minimize the dangerous effects and explore the relationship between oxidative stress and female infertility. Nowadays, scientists are on investigations on the role of oxidative stress on the current events of infertility and development of therapeutic approaches for limiting infertility aggravated by oxidative stress. There is strong evidence of increased free radical generation in pregnancy which leads to oxidative stress. This article reviews the role of ROS and RNS in both physiological and pathological processes leading to female infertility.
Mutua Benson Musyoka, Aphaxard J N Ndathi Erick O Mungube
The study sought to assess the Constraints that affect the productivity of indigenous chicken in Kikumini/Muvau and Kithungo/Kitundu wards of Makueni County Kenya. The study location is 87% Arid and Semi-arid and very marginal to successful crop production. Poultry production is the most widespread subsistence agricultural activity where about 75-80% of all farm families practice this enterprise. Extensive (scavenging) system of production which subjects chicken to risk of disease outbreaks and high infestation by parasites dominates indigenous chicken production in the county. A total of 158 households (72 in Kikumini/Muvau ward and 86 in Kithungo/Kitundu ward) were randomly sampled for collection of primary data using semi structured questionnaires. Results revealed that indigenous chicken productivity is negatively affected mainly by diseases and parasites, and high cost of feeds, low adoption of biosecurity measures and inadequate extension services. The study recommends that; the county government and private service providers ought to improve on service delivery to the chicken producers in terms of quality and coverage, disseminating seasonal messages when due and targeting the major decision makers in the chicken enterprise at household level.It further recommends financial empowerment to farmers in order to deal with many challenges facing indigenous chicken production in Makueni County.
Ramdeo Arya and Prof. J K Tandon.
Broadband not only plays a critical role in the workings of the economy, it connects consumers, businesses, governments and facilitates social interaction. Broadband policies have now become a vital part of broader ICT policy strategies and have now receiving the same attention as other key economic policies. With the advancement of technological development in every field data business has also grown like anything. India also has grown from no-where to a giant in this business because of huge subscriber base and escalating demands. The emphasis was on acquiring more and more data subscribers by offering better speed and network quality. Telecom Operators have witnessed lot of challenges in terms of intense competition and managing growing customer expectations on one hand and difficulties in growing and maintaining the telecom infrastructure/network. This study detailed about the Induction, Customer Acquisitions, Adoption, competition, Challenges, Marketing strategies, Growth of ADSL2 broadband and FTTH services of M/s Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited in Rajasthan and analyze the factors that led to the growth, its future prospects and challenges that were an impediment to its growth and finally some suggestions and recommendations to overcome those challenges. The tools used in the analysis were the Microsoft excel and compounded average growth rate for reaching conclusion on growth of broadband services of BSNL in Rajasthan. From study it was concluded that for ADSL2 (Asynchronous Digital lines) based Broadband and FTTH (Fiber to the home) of BSNL Rajasthan the CAGR (Compounded Average Growth Rate) of average connections, ABF (Amount Billed For) and Revenue recovered were 8.08%, 12.19% and 12.39% for whole Rajasthan respectively and Jhunjhunu SSA recorded highest CAGR of average connections, ABF (Amount Billed For) and Revenue recovered as 19.98%, 27.31% and 26.21% respectively.
Arceli R. Millan, Jocelyn B. Cruz and Clarinda A. Reyes.
Incest is considered as a sexual activity between two individuals who are closely related in blood like sister to brother, father to daughter, uncle to niece, cousin to cousin, son to mother, etc. Specifically, this means having a sexual intercourse with family members without permission or ?doing sexual intercourse by force?.
In this present society, incest has become rampant but underreported due to fear of destroying the good image of the family; due to shame inasmuch as incest is known to be forbidden or taboo between two blood- related individuals; and due to guilt because of committing an offense, or a wrong doing that is against the law of man and God.
Many cases of incest (or familiar sexual abuse) involve children. Those categories of incest are molestation, rape, and assault, based upon the degree of harm to the child (Mayer 1983). In these categories, incest may include not only intercourse, but also the fondling and sexual petting of a child by an abuser. In a majority of these cases, the child does not suffer physical signs of abuse such as vaginal tears or a bleeding rectum; however, the abused child is still left with feelings of betrayal and emotional scars (McCabe 2003).
This research study focused on the victims of incest from Nueva Ecija Home for Girls in Palayan City. It aimed to get the victims? descriptions in terms of age, sex, no. of siblings, and relationship to the perpetrators. Furthermore, this study was also designed to assess their insights with regard to their Environmental Security, Parental Role, Emotional State, and Mental State.
Busroni, Siswanta. D, Santosa. S. J and Jumina.
This research explain the study about compound of 5,11,17,23-tetra(t-Butyl)-25,26,27,28-tetrahidroxycalix[4]arene (TBCA) that will be used as adsorption material for heavy metal cations. Adsorption using immersion method with variations such as the value of acidity (pH), time of exposure and initial concentration of metal cations have been conducted. The results of each investigation showed that the optimum pH of adsorption was at pH = 5 for metal cations of Pb(II) and Fe (III). The observation results showed the optimum time exposure of cation adsorption of Pb(II) and Fe(III) was 90 minutes. Study about kinetic adsorption of Pb(II) metal cations of the adsorbent refered the Ho kinetic model, pseudo second order with rate constant of adsorption 143x10-3 g.mol-1.min-1 and Fe(III) refered the Lagergren kinetics model, pseudo first order with the rate constant of 9.21 x 10-3 min-1. The observation of the study showed that the isotherms adsorption for metal cations of Pb(II) and Fe(III) refered the pattern trend of Langmuir isotherm models. The value of the optimum capacity for metal cation adsorption Pb(II) and Fe(III) each was 128.46 mg/g and 156.09 mg/g respectively. Adsorption energy for Pb(II) and Fe(III) was 5.81 k.J/mol and 7.01 kJ / mol, respectively.
Dr. Ph. Priyadarshini, Dr. Munikrishna, Dr. Anil Kumar Sakalecha and Dr. Gomathy. E.
Background: We reported a case series of cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT) in women who are pregnant or in puerperium period. We evaluated the clinical features of pregnancy-related CVT populations, including disease onset and development, imaging features, diagnosis, treatments, and patient prognosis. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series of 6 patients with diagnosis of CVT, who were admitted and was treated in R.L. Jalappa Hospital and research center, Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka. The duration of the study was one year from October 2015 to October 2016. Results: All the patients had no history of thrombosis before. They were treated conservatively with low molecular weight heparin and mannitol. They did not have other possible risk factors for CVT. Headache was the most common symptoms and seen in 6/6 patients (100%) followed by vomiting and seizures.
Conclusion: We found that high rate of CVT in women with pregnancy and puerperium and indicates that it needs be considered as a specific risk factor and should also be considered by healthcare system in order to prevent the complications.
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Vikas Nariyal and Priyanka Sharma.
Bauhinia variegata (Kachnar), a medicinal tree native to temperate and tropical Indian subcontinent is well practiced in Indian indigenous health science; Ayurveda. Kachnar bark is used in disorders like Gandamala (Lymphadenopathy), Galaganda (Goitre), Arbuda (Tumor), Ashthila (BPH) and Kapha-Pitta dosha disorders while flowers have Pittaghna (Pacify pitta dosha), Rakta Pradaraghna (Cures Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding), Kaasghna (Curing cough) and Kshyaghna (Anti tubercular) properties. In some parts of country (Himachal Pradesh, Northeast States), its buds and flowers are used as vegetable and various dishes like chutney and pickles. Accounting above said benefits, authors decided to review systematically the published researches on Kanchnar. A ?Pubmed? search using key word ?Bauhinia variegata? results a total of 72 citations. Results were dispersed, ranging from animal studies for medicinal properties to its use as a potential bio-resource for stable, reproducible nanoparticle. Studies demonstrated antidiabetic, anti-oxidant, analgesic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, cytotoxic and many more properties of B. variegata other than its conventional use. Studies supported, demonstrated and opens a way for further evaluation of medicinal properties of B. variegata as an herbal medicine.
Dr. M Shanmugaraja, T. Tharoon
Background: Energy is prime mover of the all growing country. Consumption of fossil fuel has increased day by day for the reason the industrial growth and rapid increase in vehicular population, and demand for energy is increasing at very fast rate. The accelerating and frequently fluctuating price of conventional diesel has sparked renewed attention on the search for an alternative fuel
Material and Method: Biodiesel is an alternative fuel made from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils both edible and non-edible oil and animal fat. Producing biodiesel using edible oil is not cost-effective in India. Jatropha, Pungamia, Mahua, Sal, Neem etc. are widely available non-edible oil seeds in India using which the biodiesel can be produced economically. Among them, Pungamia has a potential to be used as a basic feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Transesterification, Pyrolysis, Microemulsion and Blending are the primary methods used nowadays to produce biodiesel from non-edible sources. This paper focuses on production of biodiesel from Pungamia oil using Transesterification process and also an attempt has been made to optimize the process parameters that affect the yield of biodiesel from the oil. The process temperature, molar ratio of alcohol to the oil, types of catalyst and its concentration and reaction time are the primary parameters considered in this paper for optimization to obtain better yield using Taguchi approach.
Result: In regression equation, the goodness of fit is clarified by the determination coefficient (R2). In this study, the value of determination coefficient is 0.962 which is indicated that 4.8% of the total variations are not explained by the regression model. The adjusted determination coefficient is 0.959. The permutation of process parameters such as Catalyst and time have greatest contribution on response. The percentage of contribution of catalyst and time on yield is 32% and 42% respectively.
Conclusion: The percentage of errors is obtained between the predicted results and the experimental results. Errors are normally distributed and has been found that the deviation is well within the limit of 95% confidence level. It can be noted that increasing the methanol-oil ratio from 5:1 wt% to 15:1 wt% had an insignificant effect on the yield.
Ait Kassi Mustapha, Chegri Badre Eddine and Hinti Said.
This paper seeks to analyze and check the applicability levels and the preparation of solvency II by Moroccan companies especially after the implementation of this system of prudential regulation on 1st January 2016 by European countries after a long preparation. To reinforce the solvency of insurance companies.
So, in the years to come, Morocco has to set up a system of prudential insurance to reinforce the present system.
Varuni K Gunathilake
Marine organisms undergo a vast range of chemical and physical conditions in the marine environment, thus a high diversity is reported in the bioactive compounds they produce. With the development of marine biotechnology, a considerable number of researches are focused on marine bacteria and fungi-derived bioactive compounds. As a result, marine bacteria and fungi are ranked on the top of the hierarchy of all organisms, as they are responsible for producing a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. Thus, they have the potential to provide future drugs against important diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammations. This review aims at describing some of the most highly cited reviews of the last decade on marine bacteria and fungi -derived bioactive compounds and the most promising substances extracted and isolated from these for pharmaceutical applications.
Dr. Y. Umarani, *Dr. D. Sarada, Dr. Jyothi P, Dr. E. Vandana, Dr. R. Suma Kalyani and Dr. M. Rajarajeswari.
Scrub typhus is a Rickettsial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by bite of the chigger of a mite Trombidium deliense. It is an acute febrile illness and Zoonotic disease endemic in the South East Asian countries and Western pacific region but less common known cause of PUO in India. Treatment is simple with Doxycycline and Azithromycin being drugs of choice and delay in diagnosis can be fatal. A total of 216 patients attending Medical OP with PUO at GGH, Guntur, from September 2013 to February 2014 were considered for the study. Suspected cases with Eschar (58) were screened for IgM antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi by Weil-Felix and Rapid Immunochromatographic method and positive for either of these tests were further confirmed by ELISA. They were also screened for Malaria, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, HIV and Hepatitis B infections. Scrub typhus IgM antibodies were positive in 26(44.8%) by both Weil-Felix and ELISA, 56(96.5%) cases were positive and 2 negative with Immunochromatographic assay and 57(98.3%) were positive with ELISA. Among 58 screened positive cases, 36(62.69%) were males and 22(37.9%) females. Scrub typhus positivity was higher in males than females. The lesion eschar was present in 56(96.5%) cases. The laboratory parameters were abnormal in most of the patients as evident by thrombocytopenia (82.7%), deranged liver functions 72.4% and renal functions 24.1%. Scrub typhus is prevalent but an under diagnosed disease in India and early diagnosis and administration of antibiotics will prevent the complications and mortality.
Temjensosang.
The Naga traditional attires carries full of symbolic meanings this is to state that in traditional time one?s attires and ornaments was used to mark its identity. The entire concept of attires is centered on the principle of feast of merit and head hunting therefore the stratification of Naga society is based on these two. A dress for most human society is to cover its body, though it has its adornment, however for a Naga it is the social distinction of one clan from the other and most importantly attires signifies the status and position of the wearer therefore attires are an identity marker. Each pattern and motifs inscribed in the shawls represent a semiotic meaning of the wearer. Tattooing forms an integral aspect of Naga culture and set a benchmark in the social stratification. The use of hornbill feather signifies of being leader and symbolizes of high status. What is significant in this study is the use of objects such as animals, birds, human heads and many more all these carry sociological as well as semiotic meaning. Therefore attires are not just for covering the body but reveal the wearer?s identity in the context of naga culture.
Dr Sushant Kumar,1 Dr. (Mrs) Prabha Kumari,2 Dr. Dinesh Chandra,3 Dr Amarendra Kumar Singh,4 Dr. Prabhat Kumar Dwivedi 5
Presently India is leading in the world in the context of iron deficiency anaemia because more than 50% of its population is suffering from it. This silent killer is very common among Indian rural population due to poor socioeconomic status, inadequate dietary habits, worms infestation and GI bleeding. After ruling out the cause of anaemia, SwarnamakshikaBhasma prepared by different Shodhana and Marana processes and one purchased from market (control group) were administered in the dose of 250mg BD in three groups of 20 patients each randomly selected from the OPD & IPD of Govt. Ayurvedic College & Hospital, Patna. On comparing the overall effect of therapy in three groups, it was observed that 70.58% patients in Gr. A, while 64.7% in Gr. B and 56.25% in Gr. C got cured. Clinically, SwarnamakshikaBhasma used in Gr. A showed better haematinic effect than Gr.- B & Gr.- C. It could be a drug of choice for the treatment of anaemia due to easy availability and cheaper price.
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Nor Haslina Nor Rizan, Amin Mahir Abdullah And Nolila Mohd Nawi.
Background: The development of ICT, gadgets and mobile applications has expanded exponentially and hence nobody in the country from children to elderly leave home without a gadget. This development is also being observed among farm producers either for both personal uses as well as in their production. This research attempts to identify the current level of ICT, to explore the types of ICT that Malaysian vegetable farmers used and factors influencing them to use ICT in their farm production.
Materials and Methods: This research employed modified Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in an attempt to assess Malaysian vegetable farmers? attitudes toward ICT usage. Face to face interviews were conducted on 300 farmers using a standard questionnaire. Descriptive, chi square analysis, factor analysis and regression analyses were employed to obtain the required results and objectives.
Results: The average farmers? age, farm size are 41 years old and 2.0 hectares. The mean farming experience is 12.67 and the ICT use per day is 96 minutes. The majority of farmer have up to secondary school education. Most used ICT tools by vegetable farmers are hand phones, smartphones, fixed line, tablet, computer, and fax machine. They are used to get agriculture information, and sharing knowledge with others. The result have answered the hypotheses that null hypotheses are rejected and directly indicated that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm and facilitating condition factor have a significance relationship with the attitude of vegetable farmers to use ICT. Also the result of the regression analysis shows that education, area planted and farming experience are significant of ICT use.
Conclusion: In order to increase ICT usage and encourage farmers to used ICT, agencies or related departments should provide them with training in ICT courses. The relevant departments should also facilitate access to information through mobile phones applications such as WhatsApp, Facebook or other social media.
Kotagiri Ravikanth, *Deepak Thakur, Anirudh Sharma, Sameer Sapra and Abhinay Chauhan.
Stupendous increase has been observed in traditional herbal therapy and thus several concerns regarding the safety and quality of herbal medicines have also been observed. There is need for more advanced techniques of standardization. The advancement of analytical techniques will serve as a rapid and specific tool in the herbal research, thereby, allowing the manufacturers to set quality standards and specifications so as to seek marketing approval from regulatory authorities for therapeutic efficacy, safety and shelf- life of herbal drugs. Regulatory authorities ensure that all herbal industrial products subject to their control are in conformity with quality, safety, efficacy that complies with GMP standards. This will improve the quality of the drug and also motivates the practitioners to get more involved in the standardization process. Pharmacological properties of an herbal formulation depend upon phytochemical constituents present therein; development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition is a major challenge to scientists.Standardization of phytotherapeutic constituents? Gingerol-6 and Piperine with validated analysis methods will help in ensuring the batch to batch consistency in quality & efficacy of the product on commercial scale.
Mai Abdel Fattah and Ahmed Salah.
Diode laser have great benefits in treating oral lichen planus (OLP) due to its small size and its ability to denaturant proteins in the diseased epithelium.
Aim: of this systematic review is to synthesize evidence about safety and efficacy of diode laser in the treatment of OLP compared to other management techniques.
Methods: A computer literature search was conducted using relevant keywords (oral lichen planus and Diode Laser). Records were screened for eligible studies. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool and National Institutes of Health, and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. \"Quality assessment tool for before-after (pre-post) studies with no control group. Data were extracted and evidence was synthesized in a qualitative and quantitative methods. For comparisons and outcomes reported by more than one study, the effect estimates were pooled with their 95% confidence intervals in the meta-analysis model using Review Manager Software.
Results: Data available from clinical studies and case series support the use of diode laser in management of these (erosive-atrophic/ unresponsive to local treatment) lesions as it is a potent, well-tolerated, and safe procedure.
Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that diode laser is effective for the treatment of OLP. However, the gained benefit should be weighed against its cost in future cost-effectiveness analysis.
Sudha Sen Malla, Dipendra Raj Pandeya, Mahesh Bhusal, Meenakshi Gurung and Prachi Rayamajhi.
The trafficking of women from poor, developing countries to other countries for the purpose of sexual trade is a global problem which is associated with immeasurable human suffering and tragedy. Not only does sex trafficking cause intolerable degradation and suffering to young girls and women, it is associated with significant mental and physical health risks, such as depression and HIV/AIDS. The aims at increasing our understanding of the context of sex trafficking and to describe program activities of Maiti Nepal, a non-governmental organization, in Kathmandu, Nepal to reintegrate repatriated or returned sex trafficked women, to describe the impact of these activities on the lives of the repatriated women.
The methodology consisted primarily of in-depth interviews with returned women undergoing rehabilitation at Maiti Nepal, supplemented by focus group discussions with returned women and Maiti Nepal staff.
Responses from the participants overwhelmingly indicated that Maiti Nepal?s program activities had been instrumental in increasing their self-confidence, bringing about healing of their deep emotional trauma, and their eventual rehabilitation as functioning and productive citizens.
This preliminary study was largely exploratory and small-scale, and there is a need for long-term follow-up of repatriated sex trafficked survivors to more accurately assess the impact and evaluate appropriateness of each program activity such as individual counseling, family counseling, skill training etc. and to develop better strategies. Long-term follow-up is also required to assess impact of care and support. The findings of this study should be useful to the government to formulate more effective policies and programs.
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Said Gunawan, Prof. Dr. Teguh Prasetyo SH. M. Si and Dr. Hj. Anis Mashdurohatun S. H. M. Hum.
This study aims to reconstruct principles of law governing the non-primary weapon system to provide a legal protection for the member of the Indonesian military (TNI) based on the values of certainty and justice. The study has found: (1) the principle of non-primary weapon system is subject to Law Number 34 of 2004 on TNI, especially the principle of civilian supremacy. There are also regulations which are having the same character, namely Article 149 of the Indonesian Military Criminal Code (KUHPM) and the Decree of the Commander in Chief of the Army Number SKEP/346/X/2004 but unfortunately the Decree is valid only internally. These regulations have created, however, uncertainties and injustice. (2) Lacunae, the weakness in the principle governing the TNI\'s non-primary weapon system, has violated legal certainty and justice; law enforcement is unfair, since it is enforceable only for members of the TNI and binding internally, while at the same time civilians who abusing the non-primary weapon system are not subject to legal proceedings, let alone criminal sanctions; therefore no equality before the law. In the reconstruction, the law and its sanctions governing the abusers (both the military and the civilians) of non-primary weapon system has been recommended. There must be a stipulation added to Article 149 KUHPM: ?the non-primary weapon system misuse by civil society is subject to the existing laws and regulations including the Criminal Code, the Civil Code and other specific laws governing economic crimes; and among other things are regulations such as copyrights, trademark, trade secret and patent.
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Alkesh I. Shah1, Jaydip B. Jobanputra2
Synthetic azo dyes, present in textile effluent, are chemically Synthetic azo dyes found in textile effluent are chemically stable and persist in environment if discharged untreated. They cause many environmental issues and are toxic to aquatic life as well as carcinogenic and mutagenic to humans. There exist many physico-chemical methods for the removal of dyestuff form textile effluent, but all are having some disadvantages. Use of microorganisms for decolorization and degradation of such azo dyes in textile effluent is one of the thrust area of research. Many bacterial strains have been shown to degrade and mineralize azo dyes in waste water. In this study, indigenous bacterial strains were isolated from textile effluent capable for decolorization of Dark Red 2B azo dye. Sphingomonas paucimobilis, was isolated showing highest capacity of dye decolorization of 98.46% among 16 isolates obtained after screening. The optimum temperature and pH for dye decolorization was found to be 37 ?C and 7, respectively. 1% of glucose supplementation was found to be optimum for maximum dye decolorization by the bacterium. Cell free extracts of dye decolorization flask of Sphingomonas paucimobilis no adverse effect on Phaseolus mungo seed germination and radical and Plumule development was also enhance as compared to dye alone.
Saikrishna Degala, Asutosh Das, Sujeeth Shetty, Praveen Kumar Singh and Vijay Singh Rai.
Purpose: This study was done to compare and evaluate the type of plate design i.e., new design titanium miniplate and conventional 4-hole titanium miniplate in management of mandibular angle fractures
Materials and methods: 20 patients with non-comminuted, minimally displaced, dentulous fractures of mandibular angle with or without other associated maxillofacial fractures, were randomly selected & distributed into two groups. Group I patients were treated by new design titanium miniplate, while those in Group II were treated by conventional 4-hole titanium miniplate. Transaoral approach was primarily used for open reduction and internal fixation of fracture of the angle of mandible, while in few of the cases of Group I an adjunctive tansbuccal stab incision was used for posterior screw fixation via trocar. All cases were followed up periodically for 6 weeks.
Results: Complications were relatively minor such as transient paresthesia which gradually improved over a period of 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. Mild to moderate occlusal discrepancies were noted, which needed postoperative intermaxillary fixation with elastics. Postoperative infection (10%) was mild to moderate which was managed with antibiotic therapy except in one case, plate removal was done because of recurrent infection. None of the subjects exhibited malunion/nonunion postoperatively.
Conclusion: The use of new design titanium miniplate is an effective and reliable mode of fixation for non- comminuted, minimally displaced dentulous fractures. Although the adaptation of the miniplate and placement of posterior screw of the distal extension is quite cumbersome, it exhibited marginally better anatomical reduction of fracture segments. Factors like operator experience, preoperative selection of case and use of trocar in some cases for transbuccal fixation should be considered.
Key words: Mandibular angle fracture, new design titanium miniplate, transoral approach, trocar.
Sinchan Das.
Life is not only a materialistic subject to study; rather it is an unrevealed truth of the nature, among which human life is most complicated one to understand. In life, another interesting subject of discussion is health. Maintenance of health is the only goal to reach for the betterment of nature. Maintenance of health means avoidance of disease or any kind of damaging influence, which can disturb the health of an individual. Maintenance of health is not only an important issue, rather it is a tough job, because it includes promotion of the healthy habits, healthy choices, healthy food habit, healthy thought, disease free life, avoidance of infections, avoidance of genetic disturbances, avoidance of natural pollutants etc & educate the society in an unbiased and scientific education. Among all parameters, choice of colour is our topic of study, which is also an important part for the maintenance of health. Because, colour is associated with every object of this nature and colour preference is usually made by our subconscious mind, according to the nature of the particular person. Choice of colour is important to judge the mental state and physical tendencies of a particular person, even one can calculate the diseases, which can affect a person in future and from that point of view, one can take measures to prevent those diseases. Not only the choice of colors, rather their individual role on human life is also very important to know, because each minutest deviation of any element of nature is sufficient to disturb the entire natural community, because there is nothing individual in this nature. All are the parts of this nature and they are of equal importance that is why any disturbance in one element is sufficient to disturb the entire nature unavoidably. In this study, among the people of different age groups, sex groups and religions, we observe their lifestyle, choices, pathological conditions, even changes of choices in the different phase of their life and the corresponding pathological conditions in those different phases. After this study, we find significant and unavoidable relationship between the colors and human life. Correction of life style is an important part of treatment.
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P.Srikanth, Jayaraju, Ramdas, Srinivas, Raghuramlu and Ramkeshav Reddy.
Disorder of water and electrolyte abnormalities like sodium and potassium are common in hospitalized patients, sometimes observed in out-patients also. The entire emergency specialist including anesthesiologist and General physicians should know the causes and pathophysiology of Hyponatremia. This study was conducted in A.P & Telangana medical colleges where 210 hospitalized patients Were screened 63pts (30%) were found to have Hyponatremia (serum Na less than 135mm/L) average age in 65yr. 45% are male 55% female. In our Study the mortality in also associated with septic shock and progressive real failure.
S. D. Rajput.
Generation mean analysis was carried out to study nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and its yield component in the cross of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) The parents with their F1, F2, B1 and B2 were evaluated in replicated trail for ten quantitative traits. The analysis showed that scales A,B and C are highly significant for seed yield/plant and all the ten yield components, indicating the predominance of non-allelic interactions or epistasis of Additive x Additive (i) and Dominance x Dominance (l) for almost all the ten characters in the cross. Predominance of non-additive (dominance) gene action was prevailed in the expression of seed yield/ plant, its components with duplicate type of epistasis in both the crosses investigated. Hence, selection should be delayed until virtual homozygosity is attained to achieve the improvement in these traits.
R. Harihara Prakash, Dr. Shweta Parikh and Dr. Sangna Sheth.
Context: The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the Mini-BESTest compared to the Berg Balance Scale in evaluating balance in people with Parkinson\\\\\\\'s Disease (PD) of varying severity. Evaluation were done to obtain (1) the distribution of patients scores to look for ceiling effects, (2) concurrent validity with severity of disease, and (3) the sensitivity & specificity of separating people with or without postural response deficits.
Aims: To Compare the Mini-BESTest versus Berg Balance Scale to Evaluate Balance Disorders in Parkinson\\\\\\\'s Disease
Settings and Design: Study Setting : K M Patel Institute of Physiotherapy, Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad. Study Design :A Cross Sectional Study
Methods and Material: Seventy-seven people with PD were tested for balance deficits using the Berg, Mini-BESTest, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III and the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) disease severity classification. Materials used in this study were Case record sheet, Chair without arm rests or wheels ,Incline ramp, Stopwatch ,a box ,3 meter distance measured out and marked on the floor with tape [from chair].
Statistical analysis used: Multiple Linear regression was carried out of UPDRS jointly on the two scores for the Berg and Mini-BESTest. Receiver operating characteristic curves for classifying people into two groups based on a threshold for the H&Y score, to discriminate between mild PD versus more severe PD.Correlation co-efficient to find relativeness between the two variables.
Results: The Mini-BESTest is highly correlated with the Berg (r = 0.732,P < 0.001), but avoids the ceiling compression effect of the Berg for mild PD (skewness ?0.714 Berg, ?0.512 Mini-BESTest). Consequently, the Mini-BESTest is more effective than the Berg for predicting UPDRS Motor score (P < 0.001 Mini-BESTest versus P = 0.72 Berg), and for discriminating between those with and without postural response deficits as measured by the H&Y (ROC).
Conclusions: The Mini-BESTest is a promising tool for identifying balance deficits in patients with PD, most importantly those with deficits which are more difficult to analyze.
Key Words: Parkinson\\\\\\\'s Disease, balance, Berg Balance Scale, MiniBESTest
VIMAL ARYA, VINOD SHARMA
Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is today prevalent in all parts of the world and India with no cure or vaccine as of now in sight for HIV/AIDS, knowledge about prevention of the disease still remains the mainstay of containing this dreaded disease.
Objective: To assess the actual status of knowledge and awareness towards HIV/AIDS.
Materials and Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in Santosh Medical College, Ghaziabad Medical, Para-Medical& Other technical institutes in Ghaziabad(U.P.) for a period from February 2016 to August 2016. A total of 300 students were studied. Data were collected through self administered, well designed pre-tested and close ended questionnaire. Appropriate statistical analysis was done using Epi-info software.
Results: colleges maximum no. of the students was between less than 20 years? age (59.16%) followed by students between 20-25 years? age group (34.16%). About mode of transmission multiple sex partner 78.83% about blood transfusion, 81.91% about homo sexuality knowledge about correct mode of transmission is slightly lower 55.16%.
Conclusion: The preventive effort must focus on increasing awareness of the risks of heterosexual transmission of HIV for people in dating relationship and on strengthening sexual communicating skills with no patterns.
Muddasar, Venkateshalu and Shashank P. R
A comprehensive and a comparative taxonomic account of species of the genus Helicoverpa and Heliothis is provided with three species are recognized in the genus H. armigera, H. assulta and Heliothis peltigera. Morphological characters, wing venation, Genitalic attributes with photographs and illustrations are provided.
Shibani Nandi
The status of women and girls is relatively low in India?s male dominated society. Women constitute nearly half of the country?s population with over 65% of them living in rural areas; they do play a vital role in the rural economy and, therefore, must be considered equal partners in the development process. A qualitative reform among the women is possible only through their education which would not only help in improving the overall educational status but also their overall economic development and independence. Therefore, one of the important aspects to be considered for women?s education is to ensure proper schooling of girl children as they are the future of the country, and will form the future women force.
In view of comparatively low literacy rate of women (70.7%, men- 88.3%; Census of India 2011) in Uttarakhand, it was pertinent to undertake an investigation on rural girl children (6-18 years) of Almora district to assess the attitudinal change towards their marriage (early or late) and family (type and size), in relation to their education. Further, mother?s attitude towards dowry in daughter?s marriage was also obtained. The study revealed that overall mindset of young girls and their parents towards early marriage has changed over the years and greater proportions are in favour of late marriage. The confident girls wished marrying after 25 years, following attainment of economical independence. The mothers too expressed their willingness to educate their daughters to higher level and not early marriage. On discussing dowry, a mixed opinion emerged amongst parents; while some favoured dowry as gift to their daughters for establishment of a new family, others preferred making their daughters economically independent by higher education. The type of family also appeared to have an influence on respondents? education, as more number of school going respondents belonged to a nuclear family.
S.D.Rajput
Generation mean analysis was carried out to study nature and magnitude of gene effects for yield and its yield component in a cross of sesame (SesamumindicumL.) The parents with their F1, F2, B1 and B2 were evaluated in replicated trail for ten quantitative traits. The analysis showed that scales A,B and C are highly significant for seed yield/plant and all the ten yield components, indicating the predominance of non-allelic interactions or epistasis of Additive x Additive (i) and Dominance x Dominance (l) for almost all the ten characters in the cross. Predominance of non-additive (dominance) gene action was prevailed in the expression of seed yield/ plant, its components with duplicate type of epistasis in the cross investigated. Hence, selection should be delayed until virtual homozygosity is attained to achieve the improvement in these traits.
Monika Gupta and Anil Mishra.
3,4-dihydro-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (4)has been synthesized by the condensation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, acetophenone and urea with a catalytic amount of ZnI2 under microwave irradiation. In this paper the synthesis, mass spectral analysis and anti inflammatory activities of (3,4-dihydro-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (1) 6-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (2), 3,4-dihydro-6-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (3), 3,4-dihydro-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (4), 6-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (5), 3,4-dihydro-6-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (6), 6-(2,3-diethoxyphenyl)-3,4dihydro-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-one (7), 3,4-dihydro-6-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione(8), 6-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione (9), 3,4-dihydro-6-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione (10), 3,4-dihydro-6-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione(11), 6-(2,3-diethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-phenylpyrimidin-2(1H)-thione (12) are beingreported.
Subham Dastidar and Subhas Chandra Sarkar.
The entry of new generation private sector banks influenced the dynamics of the business of Indian banks, particularly among old private sector banks. This paper has made an attempt to investigate the impact of bank specific and macroeconomic determinants on the overall profitability of old and new private sectors banks in India. Internal factors include individual bank specific characteristics which directly affect the bank?s profitabilityand influenced by the decisions of internal management and that differs from bank to bank. On the other hand, external factors considered in the study include macroeconomic determinants which are beyond the control of the banks and they are bound to accept them. The results indicated that the magnitudes of the impact of the internal factors are similar in nature for both categories of banks. Among the indicators, the efficiency of bank management is the most important determinant of bank?s profitability, while liquidly has the least impact on it. Financial instability made old private sector banks more vulnerable compared to new private sector banks. However, post financial crisis situation is positive for new private sector banks as estimated from the coefficients of panel data regression. Favourable macroeconomic situation after the financial crisis and rapid adoption of technology in banking operation has helped new private sector banks outperform other categories of banks on profitability.
Dr. Mohammad Osman Zurmaty
Rational: The country has increasingly developed its healthcare services in response to patient needs over recent decade particularly private health sector, but the quality of services which is provided by private sector has never been assessed systematically in the country. Patient satisfaction is one of the essential indicators for healthcare service improvement. From that view, the patient satisfaction survey is an instrument in monitoring health care delivery of a hospital in relation to cost and services. Specifically, outpatient department is the first-line healthcare consultation service that comes in contact with the patients. Therefore, the quality of care will indicate the quality of service of the hospital as perceived by the patients regarding various factors.
Limited or no study has been conducted to show patient satisfaction in private health service delivery system in Afghanistan, therefore, it is very important to conduct this study.
Objective: To understand the level of patients? satisfaction in private health care services, to determine the quality of health care services in private health care services and to identify patients? perception regarding health care services in private health sector.
Method: Cross-sectional study with Mix method (Quantitative and Qualitative) the sample size is384 and the study conducted in Khost province of Afghanistan in a private hospital by the name of Qadari Hospital.it is the only known and well equipped private 70 beds hospital in the province.
Population: The Study populations were those people who were coming to Qadari Hospital. It included both urban and rural population.
Time Frame: The study took24 weeks from the start to the preparation of the first draft report.
Results: Out of 384 participants 219 (57.03%) were male and 165 (42.97%) were female. Minimum age of study participants was 1 month and maximum was 86 years. Out of 384 participants 56 (14.58%) were most satisfied from waiting in the waiting room, 237 (61.72%) were satisfied, 88 (22.92%) were not satisfied and 3 (0.78%) were much dis-satisfied as showed in the following graphs:
Conclusion and Recommendation: This study showed higher clients? satisfaction level in the health facilities. Clients were more satisfied
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Jitendra Varsakiya1, Mandip Goyal2
Introduction: Almost 30% of cases of infertility will have a male factor attached to it, though in the society there are many misconceptions and wrong ideas regarding the cause and occurrence of infertility in men. A low sperm count is in no way related to weakness or one being abnormal, hence the semen count needs to be assessed and the cause for it being low should be determined as timely treatment can not only prevent it from falling further but counts may improve.
Aims & Objectives: To compare the clinical efficacy of Ashvatha Phala Churna and Shveta Palandu Svarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati after performing Virechana Karma on Ksheena Shukra (Oligozoospermia).
Materials and methods: For the clinical study, 40 male patients complaining of symptoms and features of oligozoospermia or suffering from primary or secondary infertility for more than one year and having sperm count less than 15 million/ml were selected irrespective of religion, caste. Before administrating of Shveta Palandu Svarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati and Ashvatha Phala Churna, Virechana procedure was carried out.
Result and discussion: Analysis of generated data showed that in Group A 19 patients were treated with Ashvatha Phala Churna 3gm twice a day with warm milk and Sharkara for 60 days after performing of Virechana Karma provided increase in Sperm count of 59.78 %, 16.18% decrease in Abnormal forms, and increase in Semen volume by 36.81%. In Group B 19 patients were treated with Shveta Palandu Svarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati - 4 Vati twice a day with Goghrita for 60 days, provided increase in sperm count (65%), and abnormal form of sperm (20.74%) decrease.
Conclusion: Both the trial drugs Ashwattha Phala Churna and Shveta Palandu Svarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati have definite role in the management of Ksheena Shukra when administered after Virechana Karma, But Shveta Palandu Svarasa Bhavita Yavani Vati is comparatively better than Ashwattha Phala Churna.
Neelanjana Majumdar, Paromita Mazumdar and Utpal Kumar Das.
Aim: The aim of the study is to compare the microleakage of four different direct restorative materials (amalgam, bonded amalgam, packable composite and packable composite with flowable composite liner) in class II restorations using stereomicroscope.
Materials and Methods: A standardized Class II cavity preparation was made involving the proximal and occlusal surfaces. All prepared samples were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups, with 10 teeth each according to the restoration material used: Group I- Amalgam; Group II- Bonded amalgam; Group III- Packable composite (Nano-hybrid composite); Group IV- Flowable composite as a lining material with Packable composite (Nano-hybrid composite). The restored teeth were stored for 24 hours in distilled water, and thermocycled for 500 cycles between 5?C and 55?C with a dwell time of 30 seconds in each bath. Samples were immersed in 0.5% basic fuschine dye for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned along the mesio-distal direction. The dye penetration of the occlusal and gingival margins of each section was evaluated independently by the observer using a stereo-microscope (Olympus, F. No. 19- 34/ 2008-RE).
Conclusion:
1. According to the Statistical Analysis, lower microleakage scores were observed in amalgam and bonded amalgam. Higher microleakage scores were observed in nano hybrid and nano hybrid with flowable material.
2. Mean microleakage score of Group-3 (Nano hybrid) was the highest of all groups. Mean microleakage score of Group-2 (Bonded amalgam) was the lowest of all groups.
3. As per the critical differences (CD) the mean microleakage score of Group-2(Bonded amalgam) was significantly lower than that of Group-1(Amalgam), Group-3(Nano hybrid) and Group-4(Nano hybrid +Flowable) (p<0.01).
1Ana Rosa Can Valle, 1Jaqueline Guadalupe Guerrero Ceh,1María de la Luz Romero Orozco, 2Charlotte Monserrat LlanesChiquini,3Fajime Cú Quijano, 4Graciella Josefa Rosado Vila, 5Lidia María Maas Ortegón, 6Guadalupe Sánchez Chin, 7Arisveth Guadalupe Alejandro Dorantes
The present work focuses on identifying the risk factors that influence the mental health of college students. Mental health is usually understood as the equilibrium situation that an individual experiences with respect that which surrounds him. When this state is attained, the person can participate in social life without problems, achieving his own well-being. Mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which the individual is aware of his own abilities, can front facing with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his community. The positive dimension of mental health is highlighted in the definition of health contained in the who constitution: \"health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or illness.\"
Objective: Identify risk factors that influence the mental health of college students.
Material and methods: This research has a qualitative, descriptive, non-experimental approach.
Subjects: the sample of 60 upper-level students.
Instrument. Certificate for the evaluation of risk factors for mental health in women.
Results. In the section tobacco said that 18% answered that they smoked and 32% said no, in the same graph, alcoholism 35% said no and 15% said yes. Signs and symptoms of bulimia and anorexy, 41 students that they dind?t had.
Conclusions. The important thing is to take care of the students of the higher level the percentages that show the results are relevant in this people, nevertheless one has to be alert in the behaviors that present the students in the classrooms.
Thushara T1, Devipriya V2
The present study is aimed at the plant regeneration from internode, leaf, node and shoot tip of cultures of Scoparia dulcis L. (Scrophulariaceae),a branched herb with high potential in traditional and and folk medicine. The effects of the different media with MS composition supplemented or not with varying concentrations of plant growth regulators on the cultures of Scoparia dulcis as well as the variation in response of four different explants were studied. The results are varying in different media supplemented with 2,4-D, IBA,BA and also in basal medium. Maximum response was obtained on supplementing the MS medium with IBA.
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Regy Yohannan, Devipriya V.
The micromorphology and elemental composition of epicuticular waxes were studied from the foliar upper epidermis of two species viz. Jasminum auriculatum Vahl. and Jasminum multiflorum (Burm. f.) Andrews, using Scanning Electron Microscopic-Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX).The epicuticular wax crystals of J. auriculatum were needle-like and broad, often aggregating to form radiating clusters, while those in J. multiflorum were irregular in shape. The wax crystals of J. auriculatum comprised mostly of five elements with Calcium, Oxygen and Carbon in sufficiently larger amounts, while the waxes of J. multiflorum had seven major components with Silicon and Oxygen in large amounts. Carbon and Calcium were seen in lower quantities here. This variation in crystal composition needs to be further evaluated to assess whether they are species-specific and would be of aid in the systematic evaluation of the genus.
Azhar D. Habeeb, Dr Abdul Kareem F. Hassan and Dr Osama A. Abdullah
The aim of this work is to study the effect of fiber prestress on the impact strength and fracture toughness of carbon fiber-epoxy composite. A unidirectional laminates of 50% fiber volume fractions (Vf) were cured at ambient temperature, 55, 80, and 115oC under fiber prestressed by 0, 10, 20, 30, and 45MPa. Specimens were cut according to ISO 179 for Charpy impact test. Neuro-fuzzy models were designed to predict the fracture toughness at different values of prestress level and curing temperature. The experimental results were accompanying with enhancing in the material toughness property, and they showed a good agreement with the predicted results.
Kajal Kumari, Somesh Sharma and Ravinder Kaushik
Wild fig is an under exploited fruit having several health benefits. Its importance is not known to common people, therefore either not used for food purposes or very limited. However, several research paper and researchers reported that figs are an excellent source of minerals, vitamins A, B1, B2 and C, die IJAR-19878tary fibre, carbohydrates, essential amino acids as well as phenolic substances. It shows very good sensory acceptability due to its taste, color and aroma. Figs are used as medicine and also used in reducing the risk of cancer and heart disease. It is rich in polyphenolic compounds, anthocyanin and flavonoids mainly Kaempferol. It shows potent antioxidant potential. The ficus palmata plant is used in various diseases, e.g. gastrointestinal disorders, hypoglycemia, tumour, ulcer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and fungal infections. It also showed antiproliferative activity. Very rare processing has been carried out on fig, therefore several future prospects of fig in food and medicine industry.
Manikrao Kulkarni, Deepali Shereka and Pradnya Deshpande.
Katibasti is one of the popular practices of Panchakarma as bahi parimarjan chikitsa (external procedure) in Ayurveda. It is a type of snigdha sweda. This is a combo therapy comprising of Synchronized snehana and swedana. Entire effect of Katibasti depends on the duration of procedure, surface area occupied and medicament used. The mode of action of drug i.e. pharmacodynamics depends on the phases involved in pharmacokinetics. In Ayurveda, Acharya Sushruta has explained the mode of action of external procedures with keen observations. Acharya Charaka says that the drug acts not only by virtue of qualities i.e. Virya but also with dravya prabhava, gunaprabhava and both. Dalhana also described that absorption and penetration depends on the duration and area covered. In this paper, emphasis has been made to explain the pharmacodynamics of kati basti as per Ayurveda in correlation with modern Science.
Resy Desifa Nasution1, Prof. Dr. Teguh Prasetyo SH. M. Si2; and Dr. H. Amin Purnawan SH, S.p.N. M. Hum3
This research has aimed at analysing and finding how the principle of independent judiciary and impartiality of the the Ad Hoc judges for the Indonesian Industrial Court to decide industrial disputes based on the virtue of Dignified Justice, identifying weaknesses and to do a reconstruction inventing an ideal principle of independency and impartiality of the Ad Hoc judges in deciding disputes based on the Dignified Justice. It has found that: the differentiation between concepts of career judges and the Ad Hoc judges in the Law Numb. 2 of 2004 on the Industrial Court which has not been followed by a clear and a definite stipulation of obligations for those judges to uphold their independency and duty to judge cases impartially has affected significantly on the principles, primarily due to the fact that the Ad Hoc judges in the Industrial Court, and to be included in the term the Ad Hoc judges at the Supreme Court has been appointed by the Head of the Supreme Court after recommendation given by the labour union and the employers organization. It is also worsened by the fact of which the Article 67 of the Industrial Court Act stipulating the labour union and the employers organization may request the Supreme Court to honorable terminate the Ad Hoc judges from their office. This is a clear indication of a factor which interfere with the virtue of independency and impartiality of the Ad Hoc judges.
Amira Hosni.
Cloud computing is becoming the trend of information technology computational model and the cloud security is becoming a major issue in adopting the cloud for large customers [28]. Such concerns are driven by the multitenancy situation where more than one tenant are utilizing the same physical computer hardware and sharing the same software and data [1]. This has associated risks where confidentiality and/or integrity can be violated [28]. Therefore in order to propose effective security solutions and strategies a good knowledge of the current cloud implementations and practices must be acquired [28]. Such knowledge is needed in order to recognize attack vectors and attack surfaces [28]. This paper explores the specific risks in cloud computing due to multitenancy and the measures that can be taken to mitigate those risks. Before that a clear understanding of multitenancy and its benefits are demonstrated.
R. P. Yadav, B. B. Bahule, V. T. Borkar and *V. T. Dangat.
The reactivity of three regio-isomers of dihydroxybenzoic acid in aqueous medium has been assessed on a quantitative scaffold by voltammetry. The rapid iodination kinetics of these isomers by aqueous molecular iodine solutions devoid of iodide ions has been investigated and the data invoked to elucidate the steric compulsions in the dynamics of these reactions.
J. Eugene I Pradeepkumar and Mis. J R. Mohana Priya.
The study enhances the role of students? behavior towards the Internet of rural higher educational colleges in mayiladuthurai. Internet is highly influenced among the youth community because of the amazing growth of Information technology in India. The focus of the study should cover students? usage and purpose of Internet for Education (E-Learning and Digital Library), Social Networking, Internet Buying Behavior (E-Commerce and Services) and Entertainment through the Internet. Since the data was collected among the rural higher educational colleges in mayiladuthurai belongs to Engineering Colleges and Arts and Science Colleges. There are several key points that college students? Internet use today might indicate what future online behavior may be like when the current cohorts of student graduates move into the adult world and the workforce. Since the data was collected among the rural higher educational colleges belongs to Engineering Colleges and Arts and Science Colleges. There are 120 sampling was collected for statistical analysis
Amelia Amelia and Ronald Ronald.
Banking is one industris that is currently growing rapidly. With the development of information technology, it will create such a great opportunity for the financial service providers in this industry. This opportunity can be used to further expand its business towards information technology. One of the banking products based on information technology today is internet banking. According to Shih and Fang (2006) internet banking is a new type of information system that uses emerging techniques, such as the Internet and th
e World Wide Web, and has changed the way consumers do various financial activities in a virtual space.
The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristics of internet banking users and to know the factors that influence the survey user of internet banking. It is expected that this research will broaden the knowledge of the long-term information technology. This will make information technology, such as internet banking, can be used, not only in industry banking, but various commercial and non-commercial brand business.
The research method used in this study is non probability sampling on several big cities in Indonesia. The data processing analysis is using multiple regression with SPSS 20.00 software. The results of this data processing will be conducted wih an in-depth discussion on the characteristics of internet banking users and the factors that affect the use of internet banking in Indonesia.
The results of this study are divided into two parts. First, the results of qualitative research successfully strengthens the research model. The variables of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived credibility, compatibility, personal innovativeness, and social influence do affect the interest in using internet banking, in in the end, the real utilization in using the internet banking. In addition, using quantitative research successfully generated indicators for each valid and reliable variables, namely 3 indicators from actual usage, 4 indicators from behavioral intention, 6 indicators from perceived usefulness, 6 indicators from perceived ease of use, 4 indicators from perceived credibility, 4 indicators from compatibility, 3 indicators from personal innovativeness, and 4 indicators from social influence.
M LathaPh.D, S.Govindan Ph.D,S.N.Ahmad Ph.D, S Vaidhya Ph.D,C S MovvaPh.D, V.Kutala PhD, and Q.HasanPh.D and V.KodatiPh.D.
Endometriosis is a multifactorial disorder where angiogenesis or neo visualization plays an important role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease, which has a prevalence rate of 10-15% in women of reproductive age. Polymorphisms in functionally relevant candidate genes involved in angiogenesis may be important for identifying individuals at high risk of developing endometriosis. Hence, three single nucleotide polymorphisms in Matrix metalloprotienase-2 (rs243865), Matrix metalloprotienase-2-9 (rs3918242) and Intra cellular adhesion molecule-1 (rs1799969) genes were evaluated in individuals with endometriosis and compared with sex and age matched controls.. The present study indicates significant difference in allele distributions of the three SNPs between endometriosis and controls. In the case of ICAM-1 (-G241A) a protective association of GA genotype with endometriosis was seen. Clinical features like dysmenorrhea/pain and infertility were associated with MMP2 and MMP9 polymorphism but ICAM-1 genotypes are directly associated with the pain but not with infertility. According to MDR analysis MMP-2, MMP-9 and ICAM-1 genes were individually contributing their role in causing the disease without interacting with each other. Hence these three SNPs can be used for risk assessment of endometriosis in South Indian population.
A. Muhamad Ibrahim, *A. Nagarajan and Muhammed Majeed.
The wound healing effects of ethanolic extracts of leaves and fruits of Morinda tinctoria as well as of the minor polyphenolic constituents iridoid, Oleuropein against the incision and excision wounds on Wistar albino rats was examined and elaborated in this study. The dried fruits and leaves of Morinda tinctoria were extracted with ethanol, dried in vacuum, grinded to form a powder and used in experiment (MTFE and MTLE). In vivo experiments were designed in six groups of Wistar albino rats consisting of group I (control), group II (treated with 15 % of MTFE), group III (treated with 30 % MTFE), group IV ( treated with 1.5 % pure iridoid, Oleuropein), group V (treated with 3 % pure iridoid, Oleuropein) and group VI (treated with standard drug, Soframycin) for 0-15 days. The present study is the first report to quantify oleuropein, not only in leaves, but also in fruits. It was observed that the occurrence of oleuropein is much higher in MTFE (0.81%) compared to MTLE (0.12%). Quick and effective incision and excision wound healing was observed in group III treated with 30% MTFE than with respect to any other groups. Analyses were done on tensile strength of skin, granuloma weight, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, hydroxyproline, hexosamine in granulated tissue, enzymes such as LPO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, serum ascorbic acid levels and nucleic acid contents. This result demonstrates that oleuropein alone is not effective and the components present in MTFE together with oleuropein might have exhibited synergistic action in wound healing.
Omar Younis Abdulhameed, Taha Mohammed Hasan and Alaa Khalil Jumaa.
A no-reference objective video quality metric proposed to estimate video quality for multimedia system on the perceptual quality of digital video. The proposed system for assessing digital video quality with no-reference makes use of a data hiding technique to embed a watermark that is as text into video frames by using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). An individual pixel consists of three color components (RGB), the watermark is embedded in Red (R) color channel. The proposed system is based on video watermarking using 8x8 blocks of DCT coefficients for RGB domain. After extracted watermark, quality measure of the video is obtained by computing the degradation of the extracted watermark by comparing it with the original watermark via calculating the NC. The experiment shows the error ratio of the proposed system is the error rate is 14% and accuracy ratio is (86%) approximately, the experiment shows the Poisson noise gives good result more than other types of noise, while the Speckle noise gives worst results.
Moataz A. Elawady and Mohamed M. Elmaghrabi.
Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a syndrome of unknown etiology resulting in increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Traditional options for medically refractory patients are CSF diversion or optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF).
Objective: to evaluate lumbo-peritoneal shunts in the treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).
Patients and methods: A prospective clinical cohort study which including twenty two patients fulfilling the modified Dandy criteria for the diagnosis of IIH and were medically refractory underwent a lumbo-peritoneal shunt and were followed up for mean 26.5?3.23 months in Benha University hospital.
Results: headache improved in ten patients (45.5%). Gradual resolution of papilloedema occurred with complete resolution of papilloedema in 4(18.2%), 14(63.6%) and 22(100%) patients at 2, 3 and 4 weeks postoperative respectively which is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Lumbo-peritoneal shunts are effective in treating idiopathic intracranial hypertension with transient and even mild complications.
Nabeel Khudhair Hassoon and Ihsan. F. Rostum.
Objective: Using laser irradiation to attenuate or kill pathogenic bacteria isolated from the human gallbladder to prepare a vaccine consists of all the bacteria isolated from the bile to use it in immunizing the patients who experts problems in their bile system.
Background: A variety of microorganisms isolated from the bile responsible for causing Cholecystitis and a large number of remedies and antibiotics used to prevent the infection or to treat it.
Materials & Methods: Five microorganisms isolated from forty samples taken from patients underwent cholecystectomy operations, the bacteria isolated were (Staphylococcus aureus , Listreia monocytogenes , Escherichia coli , Shigella sonnei & Salmonella typhi) ,they were killed and attenuated using diode laser, the wavelengths used were , 820 nm respectively. Forty four rabbits underwent the vaccination program, forty rabbits of them were divided in to 5 groups with 8 rabbits each and each group was further subdivided in to two subgroups with 4 rabbits each, the first subgroup was inoculated with the live attenuated vaccine while the second one was inoculated with the killed vaccine of each of the five bacterial types, the remaining 4 were injected with the mixed ( killed and attenuated vaccine of all the bacterial types) .
The humeral immune response was studied using radial immunodifussion test, to determine the immunoglobulin\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s concentration, for the IgM, IgG and IgA, then the animals of all the groups were injected with the challenge dose.
Results: Immunoglobulin concentration rates were higher in the immunized subgroup animals compared with those of the control ones. The live attenuated vaccine induced highly immune response as compared with killed vaccine. The challenge dose was given to all the animals; the control subgroup animals died while the immunized animals remain alive and healthy.
Conclusions: Live attenuated and killed vaccines inoculated intraperitonial induced high immunity against the infection, live attenuated vaccine was better than the killed one in inducing immunity responses.
P. Arul Moli.
Banking sector is one of the most important sectors across the globe for the growth and development of any country. Banking sector must remain healthy and work efficiently so as to meet the demands of the industry as well as consumers. NPAs are any asset of a bank which is incapable of producing any returns. Non Performing Assets are the major problem for the public sector and private sector banks in India. The present study focuses on analyzing the problems and solutions taken for managing and controlling the NPA in both private and public sector banks which help to improve the financial health of the banking sector in India. The study is based on the secondary data retrieved from various reports, journals and from RBI website.
Hananiel M. Gunawan and Yolanda Soedibyo.
Currently, the Government of Indonesia has started to execute several policies in order to give more protection the environment. One of them is by regulating the policy of paid plastic bags which started since February 21, 2016, the same day where the National Trash Care Day was established. Along with the paid plastic bag policy, it will encourage customers to switch to shopping bags that can be repeatedly used and environmentally friendly. One of the efforts that can be done by the Indonesian retail industry is by offering environmentally friendly shopping bags at their sores. The study will develop the concept of green marketing in government policy that seeks to change the consumption patterns of Indonesian people to use plastic bags that are harmful to the environment.
This research will use the quantitative approach by using multiple regressions through SPSS 16 software. The sample of this research is 300 respondents residing in Surabaya with non-probability sampling technique. Sampling method used in this research is purposive sampling. After collecting the data and data processing, all hypothesis are accepted.
M. H. Rashid, K. Akhter, M. S. M. Chowdhury and F. M. Aminuzzaman.
A survey was conducted to study the biodiversity, habitat and morphology of mushroom grown in leaved, deciduous and mixed forest of Bangladesh. A total of 117 samples were collected from nine selected districts of Bangladesh viz. Barisal, Borguna, Patuakhali, Perojpur, Jhalokathi, Bandorban, Dhaka, Gazipur and Tangail. About 12 different species were found under 10 families viz. Amanitaceae (Amanita bisporigera), Pyronemataceae (Aleuria aurantia), Boletaceae (Boletus subvelutipes), Agaricaceae (Agaricus sp.), Tricholomataceae (Callistosporium sp.), Marasmiaceae (Gymnopus sp.), Cortinariaceae (Cortinarius corrugatus), Mycenaceae (Mycena epipterygia), Entolomataceae (Nolanea strictia), Ganodermataceae (Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma applanatum, Ganoderma tsuage).The predominant genera were Amanita, Aleuria, Agaricus, Boletus, Mycena, Cortinarius, Nolanea and Ganoderma.
Gavendra Singh, Ashenafi Chalchissa and Mulugeta Kejela.
A national identification numberor national identity number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes ofvarious e-governmentally-related functions.
The ways in which such a system is implemented vary among countries, but in most cases citizens are issued an identification number upon reaching legal age, or when they are born.Identification is routinely used to help facilitate commercial and government transactions [1].Such as taking out a loan or applying for government benefits. While individuals can use traditional forms of identification in face-to-face transactions, these forms of identification are less useful for conducting business on the Internet.
Individuals can use an National Identification System to authenticate to online services, securely communicate online, purchase goods and services, and create legally-binding electronic signatures, such as to sign a contract. The number associated with the identity of the individuals will help in different government and private institutes to uniquely identify the stakeholders of their business and services.
Kamil Kabir Khanzada, *Bhai Khan Solangi, Riaz Hussain Chandio, Imran Ali Kumbhar and Farman Siphio.
The study was carried out at Dipterian Research Laboratory Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop Protection, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, on the impact of different photoperiods (8:16, 10:14, 24:0 and 0:24 Light & Darkness) were determined.The results were found that maximum emergence of female parasitoids 24.0?1.58 were noted on B. correcta at photoperiod 24:0 Light, followed by (10:14 L/D) 21.6?0.74, (8:16 L/D) 19.2?1.01, whereas the minimum % age of males and females 9.20?0.86, 15.4?0.92 pupae were obtained at photoperiod (0:24 Darkness), respectively. On the other hand, the D. ciliatus showed at photoperiod 24:0 Light highest ratios of male and female adults which were 15.4?0.92, and 20.0?0.70, while the lowest pupae emerged at 0:24 Darkness 6.00?0.70 and 10.8?0.80, respectively. The minimum emergence percentage was recorded at 0:24 Light for both sexes. The results further determined that D. giffardii prefer B. correcta as compared to D. ciliatus Furthermore, the analyzed data showed significant difference between different treatments (P<0.05).
Md Sayed Uddin and Adam Andani Mohammad.
Sociology has not appeared as one of the core environmental sciences like geography, even though it is one of the social and human sciences. It makes important contribution considering the interest shown by the founders like Durkheim, Weber and Marx in the relationship between human societies and their environment. The direct effect of human activity on the natural world which influences the social realm raised concerns at practical and theoretical levels with issues of hazard, risk and the environment. This desk top case study therefore reviewed literature on the concept and principles and the ways in which environmental matters are discussed within everyday life and sociology. This paper deals with themes of environmental sociology?s key concepts and debate on the role of classical theorists in the discipline. It specifically focused on the larger theoretical and conceptual challenge on how the discipline of sociology can usefully address questions of nature and the physical environment and what would this in turn mean for sociology.
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Narendra Kumar S, Lingayya Hiremath, Praveen Kumar Gupta, Ajeeth Kumar Srivatsava, Aishwarya Bhat, Yashaswini R Bhat and Srujana S Ramaswamy.
Toxic compounds are immensely dangerous for the human body especially when it enters through the primary food chain directly from the soil to the water and then directly into the vegetables consumed by majority of the residents. Bangalore being one of greatest metropolitan cities in Bangalore is subjected to increase in population , thus increasing the stress and wastage accumulation in its water bodies. These toxic elements present in the waste water are used for irrigation and with a survey done the majority of the vegetables consumed on a weekly basis are capsicum, carrots and lemon. Due to the high absorption capacity of lead and cadmium along with the adverse effects imposed by the metals on human health, the need to understand the toxicity in the food chain of Bangalore is analyzed.
Manju Bala, Asha Sharma and Gaurav Sharma.
Despite abated atmospheric emissions due to adoption of advanced technology in industrial operations and restrictions on emission, heavy metals may remain a major environmental hazard. The present study was focused to investigate the level of heavy metal pollution in excreta of blue rock pigeon collected from six different industrial regions in Jaipur. The concentrations of heavy elements were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer after chemical digestion with HNO3. Presence of heavy metals in excreta followed the order Cd<Pb< Ni<Cr<Cu< Zn. Concentration of Cr (5.20?0.317 to 19.40?3.89 ppm), Pb (0.22?0.030 to 6.60?0.5 ppm) and Ni (1.92?0.135 to 9.10?2.22 ppm) lies in toxic range while heavy elements such as Cd (0.185?0.007 to 0.445?0.113 ppm), Cu (3.60?0.065 to 26.05?0.721 ppm) and Zn (31.98?10.10 to 162?4.58 ppm) were found at nontoxic concentration in excreta samples. Thus concentrations of heavy metals recorded in the present studies suggested that birds are exposed to the high level of metal contamination in the environment which may have adverse effects on their health and also Excreta can be used as non-invasive method for biomonitoring the metal level in wild bird.
S. C. Singh, Shriprakash Yadav, Sonia Yadav and B. L. Sharma.
A field experiment was conducted during 2014 ? 16 (Plant cane) and 2016 - 17 (ratoon cane) at the research farm of Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur to study the effect of plant geometry and natural farming on yield, quality, soil health and economics. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. The soil of experimental field had organic carbon (0.33%), phosphorus (9.20 kg/ha) and potash (106.6 kg/ha), pH 6.90, bulk density (1.12 g/cm3) with soil microbial population of 1.5?107cfu/g. Experimental crop was planted with variety Co 05011 through one and three budded sett at different geometry as per treatment comprising five treatments. Experimental results exhibited that planting of three budded sett at row spacing of 240 cm with conventional practices (T1) produced significantly higher plant cane yield (63.97 t/ha) and intercrop yield of lahi (9.13q/ha), lentil (1.82 q/ha) and moong (2.60 q/ha) followed by planting of one budded sett at row spacing of 240 cm and bud to bud 60 cm spacing with natural farming (T2) with plant cane yield of 54.13 t/ha and intercrop yield of lahi (8.45 q/ha), lentil (1.74 q/ha) and moong (2.23 q/ha). However, significantly higher ratoon cane yield (69.89 t/ha) was recorded in planting of one budded sett at row spacing of 240 cm and bud to bud 60 cm spacing with natural farming (T2) ) followed by planting of three budded sett at row spacing of 240 cm with conventional practices (T1) with ratoon cane yield of 51.41 t/ha. Maximum B:C ratio (2.5) in plant cane was found in T1 treatment followed by T2 while, in ratoon cane maximum B:C ratio (2.89) was obtained in T2 treatment followed by T3 treatment with B:C ratio of 2.68. Organic matter, available NPK and microbial population were found to be better in natural farming treatments than that of conventional treatment.
Sadria Begam and A. K. Barbhuiya.
The aim of this research is to estimate sediment yield in Sonai River by sediment rating curve and an empirical formula. The study has been carried out to determine and impose sediment yield in the Sonai River in Assam to be able to estimate average annual sedimentation during the period of 2003 to 2005. Measurement data of daily suspended sediment concentration and water discharge is obtainable during 3-year period (2000-2002) in the Tula gram station of Sonai River. Data were collected from Central Water Resource Commission, Shillong. These data sets, such as daily mean water discharges and daily mean suspended sediment discharges were used to develop sediment rating curves for small periods of time. Once the rating curves for water discharge and sediment concentration Were defined, they were used with daily water discharge data to predict monthly and annual sediment yield of Sonai river during 2003-2005 and by this rating curve calculated sediment yield is 26.08ton/ha/year where observed sediment yield is 25.05 ton/ha/year which is near to the calculated value. For the judgments of accuracy of the result another method for determined sediment yield is empirical method (Dendy Bolton formula, 1976). Runoff and area of watersheds is used in this formula of sediment yield. Runoff is calculated from SCS-CN curve number method and Area of watershed is developed by ARC GIS .By this empirical method the average annual sediment yield during 2003 to 2005 is 31.07 ton/ha/year. So from these two processes sediment yield determined by sediment rating curve is more accurate than the empirical method
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Mahfouz H.M, Hashem A.H. and Yasser Hamed Mostafa.
Polyneuropathy is one of the commonest complications of diabetes and the commonest form of neuropathy in the developed world. The development of neuropathy was associated with potentially modifiable risk factors such as serum lipids, hypertension, body mass index, and cigarette smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for distal symmetric sensory-motor polyneuropathy (DSP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Method: One hundred patients with type 2 DM (65 males and 35 females) were included in the study. In addition to a detailed neurological examination, the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument was administered to all patients and nerve conduction examinations were performed for all patients.
Results: Significant correlation between early development of DPN and BMI, hypertension, high serum cholesterol and poor glycemic control (high serum HbA1c).
Conclusion: high BMI, hypertension, high serum cholesterol and poor glycemic control are risk factors for early development of polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Buvaneswari R and Sylvia Juliet.
Life skills are the abilities that help to promote mental well being and competence in young people as they face the realities of life. When it comes to life and soft skills, nursing is a field that demands plenty. University students have to manage their time and also look for sources in order to accomplish their assignments; a challenging job to handle, in particular, for first year students. Failure in such condition would lead to poor chances of academic success. A Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used to assess life skills among 40 first year nursing students of selected College of Nursing by using The Life Skills Assessment Scale (Radhakrishnan Nair A, Subasree R and Sunitha Ranjan, 2009). The results revealed that mean life skills score was 369?23. In relation to global life skills score majority 30 (75%) of them were having average life skills and 2 (5%) of them having very low score in life skills. There was no association between life skills scores and socio demographic variables of students.
Nada Flayyih Hasan AL-Aboudy, Nawal Khairy Hussain AL- Ani and Ula Mohammed Reda AlKawaz.
Objective: To measure the concentration of fetuin-A in serum and follicular fluid of patients with PCOS at day of ova pick up after using of different IVF/ICSI protocols and to assess the pregnancy outcome.
Study design: A total of 90 infertile women (55 women with Polycystic ovary syndrome and the other 35 women as a control (non PCOS) undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle were prospectively recruited for this study in High Institute of Infertility Diagnosis and Assisted Reproductive Technology / AL-Nahrian University and Kamal AL-Samarai Hospital, center of fertility and IVF (Baghdad/Iraq) during the period from December 2015 to the end of April 2017.The fifty five PCOS women were divided into three groups: twenty five (25) infertile women have had PCOS undergoing long Agonist protocol for ICSI cycle, fifteen (15) infertile women have had PCOS undergoing Antagonist protocol for ICSI and fifteen (15) infertile women have had PCOS undergoing short Agonist protocol for ICSI. The controlled group included 35 women were free of signs and symptoms of PCOS with regular cycles and no endocrine abnormalities undergoing ICSI cycle (15 infertile women underwent long agonist protocol, 10 women underwent short agonist and 10 women underwent antagonist protocol). In all patients, serum and follicular fluid fetuin-A levels were measured on the day of oocyte retrieval by using Enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay.
Results: There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the level of fetuin-A in follicular fluid between PCOS and control group. Follicular fluid fetuin-A level was high in non PCOS patients than PCOS patients but no significant difference (p>0.05) in the level of fetuin-A in serum between PCOS and control group. Also there was no significant difference in the effect of different IVF/ICSI protocols (Long agonist, Antagonist, Short agonist) in the level of follicular & serum fetuin-A of patients with PCOS (P>0.05) and no significant difference (P>0.05) in level of serum and follicular fluid fetuin-A between pregnant &non pregnant PCOS patients.
žConclusion: It was concluded from the present study that FF fetuin- A concentration of PCOS patients at the day of oocyte retrieval is significantly lower than that of non PCOS patient. But no significant ž difference in S-Fetuin A concentration between PCOS and non PCOS patients, no significant difference in the effect of different IVF protocols on serum and follicular Fetuin A and no significant difference in S-FA and FF-FA between pregnant and non- pregnant PCOS patients underwent IVF protocols.
Hanaa A. Atwa, Abeer M. AbdElbary, Taha A Baiomy and Yasser A. Orban.
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common human malignancies worldwide. Fascin1 is an actin bundling protein along the entire length of filopodia and its diminution leads to reduction in the number of filopodia. Beta-catenin (β-catenin) is one of the catenin protein family, involved in the regulation of adhesion between the cells and gene transcription. It is one of the cadherin protein complexes acting as intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway.
Objective: we aimed in this study to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of FascinI and β- catenine incancer colon and correlate their expression with other clinicopathologic features.
Material and methods: 45cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of adenomatous polyp were collected from Pathology Department. Faculty of Medicine. Zagazig University between January 2013 to December 2016, using immunohistochemical antibodies to Fascin 1 and β- catenine.
Results: positive Fascin1 expression was observed in 31.1%) and 40% of CRC and colorectal adenomatous polyp respectively. Positive β- catenineimmunohistochemicalstaining (IHC) where 35.6% and 40% CRC and colorectal adenomatous polyp.
The expression of cytoplasmic β - catenin protein in CRCwas significantly (p=0.0001) higher than in the adenomatous polyp.
Both markers are significantly correlated with tumor grade (p<<0.001).
No significant association between (IHC) staining was found between both markers expression and N stage of tumor. Expressions of both of them were significantly positively correlated with each other (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Fascin 1 has known roles in cell morphology and migration and may represent a potential novel marker or therapeutic target for patients with colorectal cancer.Fascin1is regulated byβ - catenine. IHC staining of β-catenin is considered a useful marker to predict the prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). Keywords: Fascin1; Bcatenin; colorectal cancer; immunohistochemistry; prognosis
Subiki and Erica Febriyanti.
Science learning in reality still had difficulty. Based on the result of interview with the science teacher of SMPN 2 Tapen the case that the materials used was lack of integration of material with the environment around which is less contextual and too general, so that student didnot recognize local wisdom in their around. Based on these problem, the innovation of science module development based local wisdom was needed. The research purposes were to describe validity, effectivity, and module practicality by using developing design of ADDIE. The technique of data collection werevalidation sheet, pre test, post test sheet and student response. While technique of data analysis validation used descriptive analysis quantitative, effectivity used technique test and student responsed used percentage of agreement. The result of expert validation was 4,28 while user validation was 4,54 so module was valid. Average score in pre-test was 30.8, post-test average was 65.8, while N-gain average was 0.5256 the criteria was medium. The result of average student responsed was 96,05% its meant module was practical. Science module development with brass local wisdom based in the topic of heat in junior high school was effective to use as material in the topic of heat.
Aikaterini Drylli.
Introduction: EPOS 2012 is the European Position Paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps.
Methods: A review on the EPOS 2012 of acute rhinosinusitis on adults.
Results: There is a deficit of a diagnostic dilemmas section.
Conclusions: The diagnostic dilemmas section on EPOS 2012 is important. The clinicians should diagnose cases with the combination of similar symptomatology of rhinosinusitis and vascular pathology such as cerebral vascular disease.
M. Pandian, S. Natarajan and A. Stephen.
This study pertains to the evaluation of host ranges of angiosperm parasites Dendrophthoe falcata (L.f.) Ettingsh var. coccinia (Talb.) Sant. (Loranthaceae) and Cassytha filiformis L. (Lauraceae) on various angiosperm host plants in the Annamalai reserve forest, Thiruvannamalai District, Tamil Nadu, India. D. falcata was found growing on five host trees belonging to four families of Dicotyledons in a localised area of the hill but C. filiformis had a wide range of 26 host plants belonging to 18 families of Dicotyledons which grew from the plains to thehill top. Study revealed that C. filiformis had managed to increase its host ranges rather than D. falcata. Polymorphism of leaves were also observed in D. falcata. Instances of double parasitism were found on Acacia chundra and Diospyros ferrea.
Sphoorthi Basavannaiah M.S.
Introduction: Over the years, there has been a dilemma regarding arriving at a diagnosis for headache pertaining to its variety of causes. One of the most common overlooked cause in the present day scenario for headache is GERD and Migraine. On day to day basis, we come across varied patient symptomatology which has indeed made us give a second thought to prescribe on management.
Aim and Objective: To study if GERD and Migraine actually co-exist or they have a separate root cause for headache and also how change in lifestyle has an impact on health.
Methodology: A study of random sample of 450 patients was conducted based on clinical evaluation for diagnosis and conservative management for the same was advised emphasising particularly on lifestyle modification.
Results: The results drawn were compared by tabulating them into 3 groups with the two conditions taken as a separate entity and third when the two being mingled to conclude if interlink exists between the two conditions or purely is it a myth.
Conclusion: Intermingling of GERD and Migraine was noted predominantly in our study rather than their separate existence.
Danielle da Silveira dos Santos Martins, Aghata Rodrigues Souza, Elcio R. Borges, Jessica D. Pe?a and Nei Pereira Jr.
The use of biomass as renewable sources of energy has increased industrial focus toward alternative fuel because of the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, the unstable panorama of the petrol prices, the increasing environmental and political pressures. The new concept of bioethanol corresponds to its production using raw cellulosic materials, such as sugarcane bagasse. The bacterium Zymomonas mobilis was shown to be extremely attractive for the ethanol second generation production from glucose of the cellulosic fraction, due to its high capacity to absorb this sugar, resulting in high ethanol productivity values. The aim of this work was to study the influence between the medium components: Yeast Extract, KH2PO4, (NH4)2SO4, MgS04.7H20 to optimize the fermentation conditions for the ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by Z. mobilis. Initially, to make easier the accessibility of cellulases to the cellulose microfibrils, the bagasse was submitted to a pretreatment with diluted acid to fractionate and extract the hemicellulose component from the solid residue named cellulignin and then, this solid residue was pretreated using NaOH (4%) aiming at its partial delignification. Thereafter, the pretreated cellulignin underwent the action of a commercial cellulolytic preparation, allowing the conversion from cellulose to glucose. This enzymatic pretreatment occurred under temperature of 50?C for 12 hours, after which the temperature reduced to 30?C and we inoculated the system with cells of Z. mobilis. It has been used statistical experimental design to optimize the conditions of SSF, evaluating the medium components. The optimum conditions found were 12.5 g/L of Yeast Extract, 2.5 g/L of KH2PO4; 1.5 g/L of (NH4)2SO4; 1.5 g/L of MgS04.7H20, respectively; achieving 65.3 g/L of ethanol.
A. Bhagyaraj.
Introduction:- Red Sanders is an important species exclusive to India, Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh is a natural hub of Red Sanders growth and various activities. It is one of the highest reported items of invisible trade in the daily news papers. The attraction in the foreign markets and the legal restrictions in the country make it a highly coveted item in the invisible International market. This paper discusses the above issue in relation to status and operations of RS activities in Chittoor district, highlighting the role of the Government in protection and development of RS.
Vijayasree Seelam.
Delphi method is well developed and easily communicated feedback method used in reasearch and buisiness for forecasting. In the era of communication the method is verymuch convinient to get the information and feedback as quick and reliable.the disadvanages are very meagre. the method and its advantages and disadvantages applicability in modern communication era is discussed in this paper
Talal Hammadi.
The purpose of this paper is to high light the importance of landscape design principles to enhance people\'s outdoor places and spaces, as a mean to improve overall community urban open spaces environment. In fact, urban open spaces as a recreational facility were not so adequate to respond to the people\'s desires and needs. Factors, such as culture and climate that influences the people behavior and their use of the environment and these facilities are ignored in contemporary planning and designing of these urban places and spaces. Alien planning and design concepts gave priority to vehicular systems, without enough regards to pedestrian movements within overall urban fabric of city\'s morphology. Community open spaces, such as neighborhood gardens, parks, mini-vest pocket parks, campus open spaces, and streetscape assumed to be the primary resource for reformation for family members. They have the accessibility advantage for everyday amusement activities. This is more important if we take into consideration the fact that children, ladies, elders and disabled have no easy; or even appropriate direct accessibility to outdoor urban areas. The ultimate goal is to increase the decision makers? awareness and appreciation of the importance of applying landscape design principles in all process of city planning and design. In other words, this paper will investigates the current process of planning and design of some urban outdoor open space in city of Makkah ,Saudi Arabia, and how the landscape design techniques might be incorporated during initial manifests of emergence new people places and spaces urban facilities. However, short notes on THE ROLE OF URBAN LANDSCAPE DESIGN IN ENHANCING PEOPLE\'S OUTDOOR PLACES AND SPACES will be briefly mentioned due to their importance in overall urban fabric of the city components of the holy city of Makkah Al Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia.
Talal Hammadi.
The environment of residential area has a closed relationship with peoples\' pattern of the daily life. It is not only an important place of social activities, but also an important constituent in urban setting. Along with the development of society and economy, the residential landscape is also changing. However, in the course of development, many problems have appeared. These issues have had negative effect on the quality of landscape and seriously stuck the development of residential landscape design for the future. In this paper, urban residential landscape was selected as the research focus, to suggest some operational solutions for the current problems that associated with design of urban residential space and places. The ultimate aims of this paper are to get some motivation about how landscape design might enhance and develop urban residential spaces and places, and also as a mean to avoid the redundant mistakes in future. Finally, some landscape design principal approaches had come up for a melioration of urban residential landscape.
Vijeshrajian George, Vincentjeyaraj. D and Sivakumar. V. P. R.
Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorder which affect an individual in third and fourth decades of life.
Objective: The objective of the study is to compare the effectiveness of open kinetic chain and closed kinetic chain exercises along with the application of Kinesio taping in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Study design: Quasi experimental study design, Pre and Post test.
Subjects: 30 Subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome with age group of 20-65 years of both the genders, having 4-7 of Visual Analogue Scale score.
Intervention: 15 Subjects in Group-A received Kinesio taping with open kinetic chain exercise and 15 Subjects in Group-B received Kinesio taping with closed kinetic chain exercise.
Results: The result of the study showed significant improvement in closed kinetic chain exercise along with the application of Kinesio tape.
Conclusion: It was concluded that there was statistically significant improvement in closed kinetic chain exercise along with the application of Kinesiotaping , where there is a decrease in pain and increase in Range of motion, Muscle strength and Functional ability.
Carmazzi AF.
This paper focuses on the brain?s clarity seeking process, what has been termed as Ambiguity relief process. ?Ambiguity relief? has four quantifiable clarity seeking processes each with a predictable set of genes and neurotransmitters working on three different parts of the brain. With observation of the genetic foundations of some brain disorders, it was discovered that there were parallels in the brain?s clarity processes. The hypothesis was that the Ambiguity Relief process was directly related to the sequence of taking action on ideas, projects or even buying decisions and this was further tested. Three models, Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument by Ned Herrmann, Human Dynamics work by Sandra Segal and David Horn, and Temperament and Character work by C. Cloninger were studied in-depth and there was overwhelming evidence that there were consistencies in how people got clarity when faced with solving problems, completing ideas, and understanding new information that did not change regardless of the environment or behavior.
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Abdelhakim Khelifi and Raoudha Kammoun.
The maternity unit is of great interest in the hospital systems because it is urgent and delicate. Hence, the best management requires the dimensioning of the human and physical resources. To deal with this complexity, we followed the following methodology ASDI (Analysis, Specification, Design, Implementation). The aim of this article is to propose a generic knowledge model of the maternity service with the ARIS tool and the UML language in order to design and to implement a decision support tool.
Bashir Ahmad Bhat and Adil Hafeez Wani.
Objective: To study etiology of mandibular defects, the versatility of vascularised free fibula flap, the functional and cosmetic outcome in patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction and complications associated with microvascular free fibula flap.
Methodology: The study was conducted in the department of Burns, Plastic, Reconstructive and Microvascular surgery SKIMS Srinagar from DEC- 2012 to AUG- 2014.The patients undergoing mandibular reconstruction during this period were the subjects of study.
Results: The study included 20 patients; there were 14 males and 6 females. The etiology of mandibular defect in 17 patients (85%) was post tumor excision, in 2 patients (10%) mandibular defect was secondary to fire arm injury and there was 1 patient (5%) of post bear maul mandibular defect. Primary reconstruction was done in 18 patients (90%) and reconstruction was secondary in 2 patients (10%). Osteocutaneous flap was harvested in majority of patients (90%), bone only flap was used in two patients (10%) The average length of bone flap was 10 cm (range 6cm to 14cm), skin paddle measuring an average of 12x6cm (range 8x6cm to 16x9cm) was transferred with bone flap in osteocutaneous flap. In majority of cases (18 patients) donor site was covered by split thickness graft, and in two cases donor site could be closed primarily. Functional result was good in sixteen patients (80%), fair in three patients (15%), and poor in one patient (5%). Cosmetic result was good in fifteen patients (75%), fair in four patients (20%), and poor in one patient (5%). Complications developed in three patients (15%). There was complete flap loss in one patient (5%) due to venous thrombosis. Skin paddle was lost in one patient (5%) but the bone flap survived. orocutaneous fistula developed in one patient (5%). Donor site morbidity was recorded in five patients (25%). Calf paresthesias developed in two patients (10 %), pain in lower leg developed in two patients (10 %), and there was partial graft loss at donor site in one patient (5%).
Conclusion: The fibula osteocutaneous free flap allows the reconstruction of complex mandibular defects. It allows harvest of a long segment of bone, to reconstruct any length and part of mandible. Multiple osteotomies may be performed to achieve normal mandibular contour. The skin of the lower lateral leg is thin and pliable, with large amounts of skin available, allowing reconstruction of soft tissue defects in oromandibular region.
Ruku Pandit.
Introduction: Identification of an individual is the necessity during mass disasters and becomes troublesome when decomposed, mutilated or only fragmentary remains of body part are discovered. In such circumstance, stature forms a basis for identification of obscured deceased bodies. Various anthropometric measurements of different body parts (head, trunk, upper and lower limb) have been used to estimate the stature accurately, among which, arm-span has been considered as one of the most valid parameter.
Aim: To formulate the regression equations to estimate the stature from arm-span.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in 197 students consisting of 100 females and 97 males, in College of Medical Science, Bharatpur, Nepal. Height and arm-span of each student were measured with Stadiometer and calibrated steel tape respectively. The data was analysed using SPSS version 16.0.
Results: The mean values of arm-span and height were statistically higher in males than in females (p<0.05). The arm-span and height showed strong positive correlation with each other in both sexes and the correlation was significant (p<0.05). The coefficients of determination were 0.656 and 0.712 in males and females respectively, indicating that predicting stature, when taking into account arm-span is higher in both sexes. The calculated height (computed using regression equations) revealed no significant difference from the observed height in both male and female students (p>0.05).
Conclusion: This study provides regression equations to estimate stature from the arm-span measurements, as arm-span is a reliable predictor of stature.
Akhmad Taufiq and Sukatman.
The state discursive practice to Chinese ethnic in the power development of Indonesia is still showing a political phenomenon full of ambivalence. On one side, the Chinese ethnic in certain circumstances be strategically positioned in such a way; on the other hand it is not uncommon this position is very dangerous in the context of its capacity as a citizen.This paper aims to describe the state discursive practices that full of ambivalence which is reflected in Indonesian novels and their implications for the policy of Indonesian multicultural state. Through the sociological approach of literature, analysis of this paper attempts to describe the ambivalence of power politics in two ways; namely concerning the relationship between Chinese ethnicity discourse with Indonesian and the discourse of the state relates with the construction of identity-based politics. There are three novels analyzed in this case, the novel MautdanCinta works MochtarLubis, Clara Ng\'s DimsumTerakhir, and PutriCina works Sindhunata. Results of this analysis states that the state discursive practices against Chinese ethnic that full of ambivalence was not effective and functional in the context of an Indonesian multicultural state. Political practices that full of ambivalence lead many complex issues, both vertically relation with the state-based structure, as well as horizontally between culturally groups in Indonesia.
Hiresh. D. Joshi and Sagar. S. Pawar.
The human brain is the best example of the unsurpassed interaction with the dynamic world. The most cognitive and powerful part of the body. The combination of artificial intelligence with the neuroscience is the frontliner of every researcher today. Artificial intelligence is a boom from the past two decades and is likely to cease the complete era by the next two decades. However the need for the artificial intelligence is augmenting day by day. Ever thought what will be the offshoot if artificial intelligence meets neuroscience? The following paper provides a swivel of this unattainable success and inventions done in the epoch laterly.
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K. Muthukumar.
Documenting the list of endemic and threatened plants is important for prioritizing conservation efforts along Tuticorin coast. A study was conducted to compile the list of endemic and threatened plants enlisted in the IUCN Red list of Threatened Species for the Tuticorin coast. According to the present study there are 38 plants among which 8 are least concern, 8 ?endangered?, 3 ?vulnerable? and 18 endemic plants. Field observations showed that, endemic and threatened species were influenced by various factors like habit, habitat, climatic factor and poor germination. Many of these plant species require immediate attention for their conservation. This study also envisages recommendations for conserving the endemic and threatened plants, along the Tuticorin coast. These include effective protected area management, ex-situ conservation, community-based natural resources management and evaluation of other suspected ?endangered? plants in Tuticorin. This paper thus holistically discusses the status, distribution and threats faced and the conservation implications at border regions of some of the endemic and threatened plants of the Tuticorin coast.
Dhinakaran Natarajan, Saravanamuthu Subiah and Raghuram Nataraj.
The study presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of a series of 50 consecutive rhinoplasties of which 38 were primary and 12 were secondary cases. All cases were operated upon using the external rhinoplasty technique; simultaneous septal surgery was performed in 35 of the cases. Deformities of the upper two-thirds of the nose that occurred significantly more in the secondary cases included; dorsal hump dorsal saddling, dorsal irregularities, valve collapse, open roof deformities. In the lower third of the nose; secondary cases showed significantly higher incidences of tip over-rotation, tip asymmetry and retracted columella. Suturing techniques were used significantly more in primary cases, while in secondary cases grafting techniques were used significantly more. The complications encountered intra-operatively included; septal flap tears (2 cases) and alar cartilage injury (1 case), while post-operative complications included; nasal trauma (one case), epistaxis (1 case), infection (1 case), prolonged oedema (8 cases), and nasal obstruction (1 case). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 95 per cent and the transcolumellar scar was found to be unacceptable in none of the cases.
Betty Sarabia Alcocer, Betty M?nica Vel?zquez Sarabia, Luis Alberto N??ez Oreza, Paulino Tamay Segovia, Selene Blum Dom?nguez, Patricia Margarita Garma Quen, Rafael Manuel de Jes?s Mex ?lvarez, Mar?a Eugenia L?pez Caamal and Wilberth Manuel Camas Zetina.
Objective: to determine the risk factors for breast cancer in women older than 25 years of the Carmen Jurisdiction 3 Urban Health Center in Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche.
Material and method: a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study was carried out. For this study, women older than 25 years who attended the outpatient Clinic of the Carmen Jurisdiction 3 Urban Health Center of Ciudad del Carmen Campeche, during the period comprised January 2014 to December 2016. The data were collected by applying a survey to the women who attended the Urban Health Center Carmen, Jurisdiction 3 of Ciudad del Carmen Campeche with previous signing of a letter of informed consent. For statistical analysis, descriptive statistics were used with the statistical package spss (statical package for the social sciences). The graphs were elaborated in the program excel.
Results: of the 232 surveyed, 55.2% did not perform breast self-exploration; 44.8% have used oral contraceptives; 32.8% are obese; 22.4% deny breastfeeding; 13.8% do not have a hereditary family history; 10.3% had benign breast disease.
Conclusions: the most frequent risk factors were the lack of breast self-examination, obesity and the use of oral contraceptives.
Rahayu, Fajar Surya Hutama,Imam Muchtar and Risa Dwi Naila Rizqi.
The purpose of this research is to describe the implementation of cooperative learning in elementary school class. The type used is Rotating Trio Exchange (RTE) for 4thgrade students in elementary school in the topic of social studies. This research is class room action research based on qualitative descriptive approach. The data collection methods are observation and test. Learning process using cooperative learning with RTE type made the students be more active. As a result, the category of students? activity increase from inactive to active and the learning outcome in social studies also increase from fair category to excellent
Sarvesh Kumar and Neha Mishra.
Background & Objectives: Health is an essential part for good quality of life. India provides unbounded range of wide geographic variations, besides cultural differences, so level of health and disease vary between people and place overtime. Healthcare seeking behavior is any activity undertaken by individuals who perceive they to have a health problem or to be ill for the purpose of finding an appropriate remedy keeping this view the aim of this study is to estimate the burden of regular disease and the associated spectrum of morbidities in different urban slums of Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the morbidity pattern and health seeking behavior of urban slums in some selected urban slums areas of Varanasi City. We had selected randomly 7 slums out of 218 urban slums for this study. Total 600 household surveyed from the urban slums area from the Varanasi. Complete information has been collected on complete enumeration basis through pre designed and pre-tested questionnaires.
Result: out of 600 household majority of the respondents, 494(25.7%) were male and 604(33.4%) were female belonging to 15-29 age group. The dominance of religion in the study subjects was in the following sequence of 569 (94.8%) Hindu and 31(5.16%) Muslims. Majority of households respondents 516(86%) found to be married followed by 84(14%) widow respondents. Regarding educational status, 265 (44.16%) were illiterate and 335(56.7%) were literate. Most 222(37%) of the respondents were employed like daily wages, own business 149(24.83%), private jobs 65(13.83%) and not working respondents was 87(14.5%).Majority 559(93.17%) of the slum dwellers consulted government hospitals 225(40.25) a private hospitals 334(59.75%) during illness. Among 200(33.3%) respondents preferred to visit private hospitals 141(70.50%) for the consulted viral and cough cold rest of the going government medical college during to illness. Highly significant difference was found between the education and occupation of the urban slums respondents with gender of the household. (p=0.001and p=0.01) and significant association was found occupation of the urban slums respondents with health seeking behaviour during illness (p=0.0418). According to findings utilization of health care facilities urb an slums13.6% of cases are of pregnancy goes to government medical college and 16.8% were availed the treatment from the private hospital . Cases of Viral & cold cough were taken the treatment of government facilities 30.9 % . No case found of pneumonia goes to private hospitals in Binayaka, Chitaipur, Navabganj, Ranipur & Tulsipur.
Sajidullah Mahmood, Muhammad Danish Khan, Agha Mohammad Hammad Khan, Jabbar Ghufran Syed, Sana Shahid, Sara Seraj, Fathima Hafsa Fareed, Asma Saeed, Maria Akhtar, Noor ul Ain M. Aslam, Sidra Rehman, Erum Shahzadi and Ayesha Nasir.
Children working at landfills, picking up and sorting out garbage, are presumed to be a neglected part of the society. This cross-sectional study aims to explore presence of symptoms in such children that could point to their underlying health and social concerns. Our study found that a significant number of these children were reportedly exposed to corporal abuse, substances of abuse, and showed symptoms of conditions such as hepatitis, worm infestation, skin conditions and tetanus.
Chandulal D. Dhalkari, Maya S. Indurkar and Sayali C. Patil.
A frenum is a fold of tissue or muscle connecting the lips, cheek or tongue to the jaw bone. Clinically, papillary and papilla penetrating frenum are considered as pathological and have been found to be associated with loss of papilla, recession, diastema, difficulty in brushing, alignment of teeth and psychological disturbances to individual.
Frenectomy is the complete removal of the frenum, including its attachment of the underlying bone. There are two techniques for frenectomy. One of these is the conventional technique with scalpels and periodontal knives, and the other is using the soft tissue laser. both the techniques has certain disadvantages, conventional scalpel technique causes large rhomboidal wound area where primary closure is not possible in the lower part and healing takes place by secondary intension. It also causes more pain and discomfort to the patient when compared with the laser technique. On the other hand laser is a costly instrument, and the use require more precision and control, if the beam touches the bone surface it will cause necrosis of the bone.
The aim of this article is to report a case of paralleling technique frenectomy, along with literature review & its advantages over conventional technique frenectomy.
Mohammad Oda Selman (FIBMS), Khalid Al Azaawi )MSc) and Hikmat Fakhri Wassef. (MSc).
Background: Hair is a filamentous keratinized structure present over almost all of the body surface. It is a derivative of the epidermis which assists in thermoregulation and provides some protection against injury. Probability of incidence of hair distribution was also studied among the dorsum of phalanges of the 2nd to 5th fingers of both hands.
Objectives: The aim of the study to assess the different patterns and frequency of the distribution of the phalangeal hair of the hands of Iraqi males? population in correlation with seminal fluid parameters.
Methods: The subjects studied were (350) male. All subjects were born in Iraq and aged between 18 and 58 years. The observations were made using a hand lens in daylight. Presence or absence of hair over each phalanx of the right and left hand, age and seminal fluid analysis of each subject were recorded.
Results: The results was shown a significant difference between study group and control group in hair distribution on the dorsum of phalanges of the fingers of right and left hands. In left hand phalanges of proximal and middle (P<0.05) but on index there was non-significant (P>0.082). While significant difference (P<0.05) in proximal of right hand phalanges. Non-significant (P>0.05) in index and middle fingers of right hands
Discussion: Many studies show that the majority of individuals have hair on the proximal and middle phalanges of the right and left hand but no on the distal phalanges. The highest percentage of hair distribution was observed in the proximal phalanges. The significant variation in the pattern and number of hair on the phalanges may be due to hormonal effect during intrauterine life.
Rina Yenrina, Tuty Anggraini, Refi Febrina and Heriyenni.
This research was aimed to know the effect of dragon fruit peel juice addition toward quality of ambarella fruit syrup. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment in this study was the quantity of dragon fruit peel juice added in making of ambarella fruit syrup as A (15%), B (20%), C (25%), D (30%) and E (35%). The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and continued with DNMRT (Duncan?s New Multiple Range Test) at the 5% significance level. The analysis on raw materials were pH, total acid, vitamin C, total soluble solids, antioxidant activity, betacyanin and the analysis on syrup include viscosity, total soluble solids, pH, total sugar, total acid, vitamin C, antioxidant activity and betacyanin. The results showed that the addition of dragon fruit peel juice gave significant effect on each analysis.
Fatima-Zahra Ennacerie, Fouzia Rhazi Filali, Najia Moukrad and Abdelaziz Ed-Dra.
Background: The objective of this study is to test the antibacterial potency and evaluate the possible synergistic effect between aqueous and ethanolic extracts, flower buds and fruits of Capparis spinosa, and between these extracts and antibiotics.
Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity was determined by the plaque microdilution method against seven pathogenic and multi-resistant bacteria. Concerning the synergistic effect, between the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the two organs of this plant, it was carried out according to the \"Checkerboard\" method. The synergy between the extracts and the antibiotics was estimated by comparing the diameters of the zones of inhibition on solid medium.
Results: The extracts showed interesting antibacterial activity with MICs varying from 1.73 ? 0.04 to 66.66 ? 0.00 mg / ml.
Both combinations carried between the extracts of flower buds and fruits, ethanolic and aqueous, against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a synergistic effect with ICIF ranging from 0.02 to 0.24.
The association between the four extracts and ten antibiotics on the seven strains tested showed an increase in the antibacterial potency of the antibiotic from 11 combinations ranging from 66% to 471%.
Conclusion: The present study show that these tested extracts inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which allows us to deduce their broadened spectrum of action and exploit the efficacy of their bioactive molecules as adjuvants to antibiotics.
A Ndiaye, B K?n?m?, F Mbaye, F Diallo, A Samba, S Sanni, F Cisse, S Thiam, D Doupa, M Seck, I Thiam, C M M Dial, P S Diop, N D Sall, M Toure and M Semb?ne.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is becoming more and more frequent. Diagnosis is essentially based on the identification of mutations at the level of markers selected at the international meeting held in Bethesda (December 1997). We distinguish BAT25 and BAT26 among these markers. Because of their polymorphism, they have been incriminated in several cancer pathologies such as CRC.
Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the level of polymorphism of the identified two markers in a Senegalese population with CRC.
Methodology: The study involved 29 patients with CRC. They were selected at different health care facilities, namely Principal Hospital, Grand Yoff Hospital and the Aristide Le Dantec Teaching Hospital in Dakar. A sample of healthy tissue and another of tumor tissue were extracted from each patient. To serve as controls, other samples were taken from subjects without CRC. The samples were sent to the laboratory for DNA extraction. The BAT25 and BAT26 markers were then amplified by PCR and sequenced. In each person, the sequenced BAT25 and BAT26 loci were contiguous to have a single sequence. Dnasp version 5.10, MEGA version 6.06 and the Harlequin version 3.5.1.3 program were used to highlight the parameters of variability, genetic distances and genetic structuring test according to the clinical parameters of patients such as age, sex and the location of the tumor.
Results: The comparison between healthy tissue and tumor tissue from each patient revealed a high variability of BAT25 and BAT26 loci with mutations specific to the tumor tissues. This difference is confirmed by the nature of the mutations observed. Of these mutations, the most frequent is the deletion of a thymine at position 72 (72delT). This variability between healthy tissue and tumor tissue is further confirmed by the genetic distance of Nei. On the other hand, no genetic
structuration of the BAT25 and BAT26 loci was observed as a function of clinical-pathological parameters.
Face biometrics assumes an essential part in different authentication applications. Yet, there is a design issues exists to ensure the genuine person along with its originality being alived. For the improvement of such kind of robust framework of face verification along with anit-spoofing, the database should include three kinds of data i.e. Genuine, Fake and Imposter. In this paper, a database is designed to work for face verification and anti-spoofing technique. The Local Binary Pattern is adopted to extract the features and calculate the scores for genuine, fake and imposter attacks. This research would provide a more realistic and challenging platform for facial anti-spoofing and verification research.
Tarik Shwaish and Faris JM Al-Imarah.
Cordia myxa is a fruit grown around the globe for its nutritional and medicinal benefits. The identity and relative concentration of some compounds in the fruit extract was reported and preliminary phytochemical screening was performed. Ethanol extract was obtained by heated maceration using ethanol. The extract was screened for the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy was performed to identify the volatile compounds with their relative concentrations. The fruit was found to contain all tested compounds except saponins; and notable compounds identified with GC-MS include phytol, linoleic acid, olealdehyde, stigmastanol, γ-sitosterol, several esters and phosphate ester-derivatives, and a fat-soluble form of ascorbic acid. The study concludes that the fruit contain many bioactive compounds ?with hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and thyroid-inhibiting properties? but quantitative analysis is yet to be performed. More studies are needed to fully understand the chemical composition of the fruit ?not just the volatile potion.
Anna Betty Kamende and Fredrick Munthali.
Community Solar Photovoltaic (CSPV) system plays an important role in accelerating the utilisation of solar energy in the rural areas where there is no grid-electricity. The need to sustain CSPV systems economically is well documented and cannot be over-emphasised. CSPV systems are vital in their contribution towards supplying electricity for lighting, powering appliances and pumping water to education and health institutions and the community as a whole in Malawi. The aim of this study was to assess economic sustainability of installed CSPV systems at Kuntiyani and Umodzi Community Based Organisations (CBOs). This study examined the CSPV system essential component specifications, their final end-customer price trends, availability and associated Income Generating Activity (IGA) earnings. These attributes are the main determinants of long-term economic sustainability of CSPV systems.
This qualitative exploratory research used physical inspection, questionnaire and focus group discussions data collection instruments, secondary sources and non-probability sampling. The physical inspection data were compared with Malawi Bureau of Standards (MBS) solar PV system specifications and the variations between the data were described. The quantitative data were organised and generated into graphs showing essential components final end-customer price trends; and IGA earnings. The qualitative data were coded, described and interpreted with regard to component sources and logistics. This study found out that: the installed CSPV system essential components complied with the MBS specifications; final end-customer prices showed moderate increasing trends; there are no rural markets for solar PV system components; the roads leading to the CBOs are in poor condition; and cumulative net IGA earnings can finance replacement components.
The study concludes that the installed CSPV system essential component specifications, their final end-customer price trends and IGA earnings can ensure economic sustainability at Kuntiyani and Umodzi CBOs while sources and logistics impede economic sustainability due to lack of rural markets for solar PV components since the concept is new. The study recommends inspecting CSPV system components to ensure MBS specifications are maintained, introducing import duty on renewable energy products, improving rural access roads to attract private traders and creating more income generating activities to increase revenue.
Gustave N?guessan ALIKO, Charles Koffi BOUSSOU, F?lix Koffi KONAN and Yves Kotchi BONY.
We studied changes in condition factor (CF) of two fish species belonging to the genus Schilbe: Schilbe mandibularis and S. intermedius in the estuarine system of Aghien Lagoon. Fish populations were sampled monthly during one year from July 2014 to June 2015. Samplings were performed by experimental fishing using gillnets. Means of condition factor were determined for the four climatic seasons that characterize the study site. Results indicated that the global condition factor including both climatic seasons was significantly higher in S. mandibularis than that obtained in S. intermedius (p˂0.05). Condition factor showed high variations (p˂0.05) between climatic seasons in S. mandibularis. The highest average (CF = 2.83) was recorded in the long dry season while the lowest (CF = 0.09) was obtained in the short dry season. Concerning S. intermedius, condition factor showed relatively low variations but differed significantly (p˂0.05) between climatic seasons. The highest average (CF = 0.80) occurred in the long wet season while the lowest (CF = 0.16) occurred in the long dry season. We concluded that the condition factor of these two species exhibited very different seasonal trends in the Aghien Lagoon.
Gaurav Sharma, Pankaj Keshwani and Deepshikha.
Sound and healthy childhood is the requirement for a fruitful adulthood. If the experiences of a child with the society as a whole have been uneventful, the psychology doesn?t get distorted later on. The trauma of any sort suffered in the tender years, when the brain is highly susceptible to outside stimulus tends to get registered deeper. An old proverb states that child is the father of man. A lot of the experiences that a child is going to get are primarily filtered through the sieve of the family. We report a case of a 13 year old illiterate male boy from lowest sociofinancial stratum, left in a Gurukul in central Haryana by his drug addict father. While doing routine field work, he accidently got pressed between a bullock cart and a wall and expired shortly thereafter. The doctors at District Hospital referred the case to our institute as they didn?t find any external signs of injury but suspected chronic sodomy instead. Through this paper, we will discuss the case in detail and emphasize the need of proper history taking and meticulous autopsy. We will also address the issue of identifying the vulnerable group at the earliest and measures to be taken for such victims.
Gaurav Sharma, Jai Soni, Tarun Dagar, Kunal Khanna and Deepshikha.
Society stands on the basis of sound interpersonal relationships. Families stand on the basis of sound co-ordination among members. Sociologists world over have considered family as a bicycle, each wheel equal in all respects. Husband and wife are these two wheels. If any of these skids, this assembly is doomed to fail. Problem to one spouse, in normal relationships causes trouble to the other partner as well. But cases of familial discord, scuffle, beatings between husband and wife are not unheard of. In most of these cases, husband tends to be the culprit and woman, merely a traumatized victim. Murder of one?s husband or wife is a rare occurrence worldwide. In stark contrast to Philemon and Baucis Deaths, where deep love between partners is reflected by demise of a partner after death of the other one; mariticide is killing of husband and uxoricide is killing of wife. In our country, most of these cases have inherent similarity of one spouse having extra- marital relationship. In this paper, we will describe an unusual case of mariticide, where a woman with her extramarital boyfriend killed her husband. She further dismembered the body in multiple pieces and buried these in her own courtyard, from where she was arrested sitting on a cot watching TV, literally over the remains of her partner in life and death. Through this paper, we will discuss the cases in detail and highlight the importance of meticulous autopsy. Some sociological aspects will be considered too.
S. C. Arya and S. S. Samant.
Himalaya is considered as the repository of the biological diversity. The richness of the biological diversity is due to its unique climatic conditions, topography and diverse habitats. The alpine meadows of Himalayan Region are very unique in terms of plant diversity and contains the habitats of many important and high value plant species. They are very rich in native and endemic plant species and very famous its scenic beauty. The present study was carried out to assess the rich plant diversity of alpine meadows in a part of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. The study includes assessment of species richness, species diversity, community diversity, distribution of native, endemic, economically important and rare endangered species within the communities and prioritization of communities for conservation. During the study 10 alpine plant communities supporting 213 species, distributed in 32 sites, 8 habitats, and between 3675-4075m, amsl. Based on the species richness, native, endemic, economically important and rare endangered species, prioritization of the communities for conservation has been done. Development of adequate strategy and action plan for the conservation of habitats, communities, and ecosystems supporting high value species has been suggested.
Tejashwini Reddy Punuru, Vimal Chander R and Chitra Srinivasan.
Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as changes in frequency of menstruation, duration of flow or amount of blood loss. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the commonest presenting symptom in Gynaecology outpatient department. Endometrial sampling could be effectively used as a first diagnostic step in abnormal uterine bleeding. The aim of the study was to analyze the histomorphological patterns of endometrium in patients presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding and also to determine the incidence of abnormal uterine bleeding in various age groups.
Materials and Methods: All cases of abnormal uterine bleeding with a probable endometrial cause received in the Department of Pathology, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai for a period of 12 months from January 2016 to January 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version.
Results: The most common age group presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding was 18-40 years. The commonest non organic lesion was proliferative endometrium (39%),followed by secretory pattern (24%),while in organic lesions the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding was pregnancy related.
Conclusion: The cases were clustered around perimenopause. Histopathological evaluation of endometrial samples is highly helpful especially in women over the age of 40 years to rule out premalignant and malignancy lesions of endometrium.
Nawaf Khurshid Sheikh, Bavana Raina, Nidhi Gupta, Arvind Khajuria and KC Goswami.
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Dermrndjiev Sv., Koev K. and Dermendjiev T.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease with different frequencies for different populations. Etiologically the disease is associated with congenital immune deficiencies in the complement system. It is also known that in the pathogenesis of type I HAE leading position occupies the quantitative deficiency of C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). Under the influence of various inducing factors, most commonly injuries, invasive procedures, giving birth, stress and others, is triggered a cascade of reactions leading to the activation of the kinin system, the end result of which is the clinical manifestation of angioedema. Drug-induced edemas were also described in the literature, but their pathogenesis differs from that of HAE. In most cases, behind the induced by taking medication swelling, stand allergic mechanisms. Cases of angioedema induced by other factors and developt by other mechanisms were also described. For participants in the etiology and pathogenesis of angioedema adopt a number of other factors such as irritant, physical, toxic, neuro-reflex agents. In our review of the literature, however, the cases with induced by an opioid analgesic angioedema in patients with proven HAE type I are relatively rare.
Therefore we think that the presented clinical case will enrich the knowledge of the etiology and pathogenesis of angioedema and attract the interest of different clinical specialists - allergists, immunologists, ophthalmologists, dermatologists, toxicologists and others.
YAO-KOUASSI Quonan Christian and GOHOUROU Florent.
The ivory Coast is experiencing strong population growth that has a direct impact on its cleanliness. In order to understand why waste strewn every day on the streets of Abidjan, we were interested in the behavior of the users of the communes of Cocody and Yopougon. The latter are the main actors in the process of sanitation and the management of urban space. On the other hand, our attention has focused on the logics of decision-makers to encourage and encourage users to adopt pro-environmental behaviors. The results of our study show that users find waste to be harmful. However, they do not take good action and contribute to the creation of wild deposits. Their expectations are more focused on the technical aspect of waste management. Finally, the study demonstrates the ineffectiveness of the communication and awareness-raising methods put in place by local and regional authorities to modulate the behavior change of users. The resolution of these various problems requires a regulatory wealth coupled with a pedagogical and permanent communication.
Mubssira Shaikh, Pradeep Shetty, Monika Chawla and Ekta Senga, Sharon Coelho and Neha Neekhara.
Objective : The aim of this systematic review was to systematically gather and evaluate the adjunctive effect of 2% chlorhexidine on removal of E.faecalis biofilm in root canal.
Data Sources : A systematic search was conducted using MEDLINE PubMed, Google Scholar and manual search using DPU College library resources were searched up to and including 31st December 2015 to identify appropriate studies.
Study eligibility criteria : In vitro and Comparative studies were selected; however, only articles where the effect of 2% Chlorhexidine on removal of E. Faecalis biofilm in root canal in freshly extracted human teeth were included. Review, case reports, abstracts , letters to editors, editorials were excluded. In vivo studies were excluded.
Participants : Participants were comprised of freshly extracted human teeth.
Interventions : Subjects irrigated with 2% CHX along with other irrigants in all the studies.
Results : Total 1632 articles were identified through the database searching and 4 articles were identified through other sources.1636 articles were selected and records were assessed for any duplicates. 1608 articles were removed and 28 articles were screened for full text. Out of these, 21 articles were selected and were assessed for eligibility. Only 7 articles were qualified and 14 articles were excluded. 2% CHX showed statistically better results in 5studies.
Conclusions : The disinfection of the root canal system produced by action of CHX reduces the remaining endodontic microbiota, achieving of a higher level of success of the endodontic treatment.
Key Words: Chlorhexidine, E.faecalis biofilm, Biofilm Removal, endodontic irrigant.
Siska Ari Andini, Susanto, and Hobri.
Problem-Based Learning (PBL) oriented to Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) is a learning model that begins with the presentation of real-life problems experienced by students in everyday life. This learning model, which comprises of the elements in collaborative learning, caring community and jumping task, aims to put students at ease in understanding concept or knowledge. This study aimed to describe students? activity in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) oriented to Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) in learning. The research participants were 36 students at grade 8 in a junior high school in Banyuwangi regency, East Java, Indonesia. Research data were collected through observation on learning activities, interviews, video recordings, and photographs. The findings evinced that students? activity was aligned with the characteristics of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) oriented to Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) by reviewing and presenting problems, developing strategy, applying strategy, discussing and evaluating the results. This learning model also activated the elements of caring community, collaborative learning and jumping task.
Bhuvan Nagpal.
This paper is written for those medical and dental professionals who have special interest towards the domain of Oral Pathology. This paper is an amalgamation of scientific and philosophical perspective towards the community of Oral Pathologists. The author has tried to highlight and to make readers think about the ?knowingly unknown? attributes of Oral Pathologists in an informal way. It is a blend of valuable experience of various pathologists across the world & author?s own comprehension about the field of Oral Pathology.
Rathidevi. S and Prema K.
Child sexual abuse is a global problem. The community has major role in prevention of child sexual abuse. A quantitative true experimental study was conducted to find the reliability and feasibility of tool and intervention with 40 samples selected through simple random sampling technique for experimental and control group in adopted community area of SVMCHRC, Puducherry. The parents of school children aged between six to twelve years were included as samples. Demographic data and knowledge regarding prevention of child sexual abuse were collected by structured questionnaires. The safety education intervention which consists of three stages was implemented to experimental group (20 parents). The parents were followed for one week. After a week, post test conducted with same questionnaires. The results revealed that the tools used, set criteria for sample selection, the implementation of interventions were highly reliable and feasible for implementation.
B O Y Marpaung and Mutiara Widyasari.
Fishing Village Belawan Medan is one of the unplanned settlements located in the coastal area of Medan City, Indonesia. Social life (activities and behavior) has an influence on the distribution of space usage in these settlements. This can be seen from the uneven function of the use of space and facilities owned in this settlement. In addition, economic life also has an influence on the distribution of space usage. This is evidenced by the low economic community in this settlement. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of spatial use that occurred in unplanned settlements. Also, it aims to find the impact of socio-economic life on the distribution and spread of space use in the region. The data were collected by observation (direct observation) and distributing questionnaires to the community living in Fishing Village Belawan. In addition, the research is also reinforced by the theory that has a link between the influence of socio-economic life with the distribution of space usage. The results of this study indicate that the socio-economic activities conducted simultaneously will make a spot location to be crowded. As with the existence of a little market which became an area where the community gathering settlement Fishing Village Belawan Medan.
Javed Alam.
Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a Human Resource Management (HRM) tool that enables an organization to design and manage a comprehensive human resources strategy through information technology. HR information system helps to identify potential employees, make them competent, maintaining complete records on existing employees and creating programs to develop employee skills and talents. In this whole process a quality full data is required by HRIS to perform human resource functions.
Quality of Human Resources (HR) or materials makes it valuable and competent. Quality decisions come from quality information. That information needs to be valid, reliable, right time and complete. HRIS qualities determine human resource activities in a proper, systematic and scientific manner. Data quality of HRIS provides accurate, timeliness and compact support in routine and repetitive human resource decisions. This paper describes quality concept of Human Resource Information System.
Krassimir Koev, Latchezar Avramov and Ekaterina Borissova.
Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine long-term effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods: The research was implemented for a period of six years. For LLLT, a He-Ne Laser with continuous emission at 633 nm (01 mW/cm2) was used in patients with AMD of all stages (dry to wet exudative forms were included). In total, 33 patients (16 men and 17 women - 66 eyes) with AMD of various stages and a mean age of 68.7 ?4.2 years were included in the study. Progressive, exudative AMD was diagnosed in 8 eyes. 58 eyes had drusen or were depigmented. Laser radiation was applied transpupillary for 6 times for 3 min once in two days to the macula. 22 patients with AMD (44 eyes) were randomly selected to receive mock treatment (control group 10 men and 12 women with a mean age of 69.3? 4.8 years). Visual acuity was followed for a 6-year period. The perimetry and Amsler test was used to screen central scotomas. Fluorescein angiography of AMD and control groups was examined.
Results: Visual acuity remained unchanged in all patients in the control group. There was a statistically significant increase in visual acuity (p<0.001, end of study versus baseline) for AMD patients for the period of 6 years after the treatment. The edema and hemorrhage in the patients with progressive, exudative AMD significantly decreased. No side effects were observed during the therapy. The prevalence of metamorphopsia, scotoma in AMD group was reduced.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study shows that LLLT may be a novel long-lasting therapeutic option for both forms of AMD. This is highly effective treatment that improves visual acuity for a long time.
Gomathi Vadivelu, Rohith gopinath and J.Muthukumaran.
KASABACH-MERRITT phenomenon has been reported only in 200 cases worldwide since 1940. It has 20% to 30% mortality due to platelet trapping , coagulopathy and haemorrhage in brain, pleura & peritoneum. We have effectively treated with steroids and alpha interferon and prevented mortality. Heparin stimulates tumour growth and worsens thrombocytopenia. Our cases were evaluated with CBC, PT, Aptt, Ultra sonogram &MRI. Skin biopsy or liver biopsy were avoided to prevent torrential bleed.
V. Gomathi, R. Maniappan and J. Muthukumaran.
Grade 1 and 2 renal injuries treated conservatively. Grade 3,4,5 treated with renorraphy, nephrectomy, DJ stenting, perinephric drain tailored to the needs of the patients. All patient was evaluated with clinical signs and symptoms, USG, IV pyeologram, CECT abdomen. Grading of injury done by urologic injury scale of the American association.
Jane Jelimo Michael, Catherine Kiprop and David Kiprop.
Early childhood education is the basis upon which all levels of education are anchored and therefore effective financial management systems are required to maximize the efficient use of resources. The aim of this study was to assess planning as a management strategy and its effects on efficacies in the administration of finances in public ECDE centers in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. This study adopted a descriptive survey research design using pragmatist paradigm. The sample size was based on Krejcie and Morgan formula. Schools were stratified to their quotas. Furthermore, 224 ECDE teachers,55 headteachers, 55 SMC chairpersons, 1 QASO,1 County chief education officer and 1 County auditor were sampled using stratified, simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The instruments for data collection were interviews and questionnaires and were piloted in Nandi County. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the instruments. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as measures of central tendencies and inferential statistics Pearson Correlation Coefficient analysis. This study found out that there was no budget preparation in pre-schools based on schools? vision. There was a significant correlation between planning strategies and financial management efficacies. The study recommends that there is need for ECDE management committee to: plan for resources early enough before spending to curb waste. The findings will be of great significance to policy makers on understanding the best strategies which if implemented will promote efficacies in the administration of ECDE funds.
Mohammad Mahdi Doroodm and and Farideh Zare.
A novel UV-Vis. spectrometric technique has been introduced for determination of lactose and lactic acid using kefir nanograins as selective alive microorganism. Microorganisms such as yeast and lactic acid bacteria in the kefir matrix as enzyme during conversion of lactose to lactic acid and then lactic acid are considered as acceptable capping agent during formation of FeOOH species. Formation of FeOOH as considered is responsible active species during lactose/lactic acid determination. These alive reagents in kefir grains are selective for lactose and lactic acid determination via observation of absorption peak at around 380 nm depending on the size of the kefir grains. The introduced method has a linear response from 1.0?10-6 to 1.0?10-2 mol L-1 for lactose and 1.0?10-5 to 1.0?10-3 for lactic acid. Detection limits are also estimated to around 1.0?10-7 mol L-1 and 3.0?10-6 mol L-1 for lactose and lactic acid, respectively. More acceptable response time and detection limit was estimated for each lactose and lactic acid, compared to the general methods such as titrimetry, high-performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectrometry. This study points to the dangerous effect of the formation of FeOOH nanoparticles during the use of Kefir in our nutrient chain based on the catalytic effect of the kefir?s microorganism and ion species and copping behavior of lactic acid.
Cirilo Baltazar.
The study aims at improve speaking skill of the second Semester students of teachers training and Educational Science Faculty of UNITAL in the academic year 2017. This study was an action research consisting two cycles. The research was carried out to the second semester students from April 2017. It involved the researcher, the collaborator, and the students. The participants of this research were 34 students of Second semester of teacher training and educational science faculty of UNITAL in academic year of 2017.The data of this study were qualitative. The qualitative data was obtained by observing teaching and learning process during the implementation of the actions and interviewing. It was in the form of field notes and interview transcripts. The qualitative data was taken by assessing students speaking skill through pre-test and the post-test. The finding of the first cycle indicated that students? speaking skill and involvement improved along with a lot of speaking practices. The result of the second cycle shows that the implementation of English songs improved students? speaking skills, especially their accuracy and interest by providing them with various topics, songs, and activities. It was also found that using language more often can improve their fluency in English language.
Francielle de Almeida Souza, Idiberto Jos? Zotarelli Filho, Leandro Moreira Tempest and Carlos Alberto Costa Neves Buchala.
The demand for orthodontic treatment has grown exponentially. In large part, the demand has been for devices self-ligating, because some articles have reported a shorter time of treatment in relation to the conventional apparatus. By means of literature review, this work had the objective of studying and comparing the frictional forces that occur during the treatment, between conventional / Self-ligating brackets in contact with orthodontic wires. And forces generated when using conventional and unconventional bandages in conventional brackets.
Nermin Nagah Elnashar and Suha Hashim Abduljawad.
Nowadays, Fast food consumption seem to be usual among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Such a situation is an alarming increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as diabetes, heart diseases and cancer which are estimated to account for 78% of all deaths. This study was done to assess the awareness of health hazards, consumption pattern of fast foods and to find out its association with obesity among college students. This cross-sectional study was done among 100 students enrolled in the division of home economics and technical education at the Educational College preparatory of female teachers in Al-Medina Al-Munwarah during the second term from (1429-1430). Subjects were 19 years and up, and completed an initial questionnaire to determine the prevalence of consumption of fast food. All of the female student participants in this study answered the questions in specific questionnaire to allow us to understand better their dietary habits. Results indicates that the presence of the highest increase weight ratio according to the body mass index (B.M.I) which was found in student girls as (37.9%), which the ratio of what described as obesity state (B.M.I =30 or above) the highest in student is (17.02%). It was observed that 1.41% were likely to be diabetic (with blood glucose levels 6.08-7.2 mmol/l) whom consumed fast food more than three times a week, 98.8 %in the uncertain group (blood glucose were normal levels 4.6-6.9 mmol/l). Students consuming fast food two times or less had normal levels of plasma cholesterol as well triglyceride. This resulted in no change in the cholesterol and triglyceride, the plasma lipid response to consumption of fast food three times or more was also as expected. Cholesterol levels were increased in only 1.34% of group 2, and triglycerides levels were increased by fast food consumption in 1.12% of group 2. In conclusion, our investigation suggests that fast food consumption among students affects diet quality in ways that would plausibly increase risk for obesity, regardless of baseline body weight. public health measures to limit fast food consumption in students may be warranted. Such measures could include nutrition education campaigns, legislation to regulate marketing of fast food to students, and elimination of fast food from Colleges.
Nermin N. El-Nashar, Soha H Abduljawad and Nehad. R. EL-Tahan.
The present investigation aimed to assess the possibility of using some fruits and vegetable wastes including potato peels, guava seeds and pomegranate peels as different sources of dietary fiber. Dietary fiber from potato peels, guava seeds and pomegranate peels were used in preparation high fiber cakes at the levels 5, 7 and 10% dietary fiber. Thirty male albino rats were fed with basal diet and0.25% cholesterol for 6 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia then the diet was administered with the best dietary fiber cakes (5% dietary fiber) for another 6 weeks. The results showed that the pomegranate peels contained a high percentage of crude fiber, ash and total dietary fiber. Insoluble fiber in tested wastes was higher than soluble fiber. Regarding to the reheological properties of the prepared cake samples, the addition of the wastes dietary fiber at high levels led to increase the water absorption while the mixing time and mixing stability of the dough were decreased. The organoleptic properties recorded the higher grades for the cake samples prepared with 5 and 7% guava seeds followed by 5% of potato peel and 5% pomegranate peel. The feeding experiments of rats for other six weeks on the tested cake samples at the level 5% (which was the best choice in organoleptic and rheological properties) led to decrease the relative body weight of rats and reduced the levels of triglycerides, liver cholesterol, serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. The liver functions for all the groups of rats feeding with tested cake samples were within normal limits and the absorption of iron and copper were retarded.
Soha H Abduljawad, Nermin N. El-Nashar and Nehad. R. El-Tahan.
Reducing intake of saturated fat, dietary cholesterol and avoiding excess calories, which can lead to obesity, remains the cornerstone of the dietary approach to decreasing risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. During the past 20 years, there has been renewed interest in other dietary components that might favorably improve lipid profiles and reduce risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Fish oil, rich sources of omega-3 fatty acids; have sparked intense interest in both epidemiological studies, which suggest a favorable effect on CHD, and metabolic ward studies, which show a striking improvement in lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic patients. This research aimed to study the biological properties of some nutritional products supplemented with fish oil on hyperlipidemic rats. Thirty female albino rats (30 female), weighing 140 ?5g were divided into 6 groups and administered fish oil products daily for 28 days. Blood samples were taken from each rat and tested for total cholesterol, (LDL), (HDL), triglycerides, liver enzymes activities, kidney functions, progesterone and PRL hormone. Results showed that triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, and liver enzymes activities (AST and ALT) were significantly increased, while HDL was significantly decreased in positive control group compared with the negative control rats. Treating hypercholesterolemic rats with 20%pizza contained 10% and 15% fish oil in hypercholesterolemic diet caused a significant improvement in these biochemical measures and the best results were achieved by using basal diet with 20% pizza contained (15%) fish oil . So, it could be concluded that fish oil is useful for hyperlipidemic patients and for the prevention of heart disease and hardening of the arteries.
Mrunmaya K Panda, Hrudayanath Thatoi and Kumananda Tayung.
A rarely found Geastrum species was collected from Shorea robusta forest soil of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, which is known for its ethnomedicinal uses as wound healing. Fungal mycelia developed from spore culture of the fruiting body were used to evaluate antimicrobial activities. The spore mass of the macro fungi were aseptically inoculated to Potato Dextrose Agar medium to obtain the mycelia. Three different fungal media (viz. PDA, MEA, CDA) were used to study the radial growth. Further the fungal mycelium was cultivated in three liquid media (viz. PDB, MEB, CDB) and antimicrobial activity of the cultural broth was evaluated at different incubation periods (viz. 7 days, 14 days, 21 days) against six bacterial and three fungal clinically significant human pathogens. The crude metabolites of the fungus cultivated in PDB medium was extracted using ethyl acetate as solvent after 14days of incubation for further antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis.Maximum radial growth of the fungus was observed in Potato dextrose medium and maximum antimicrobial activity was observed in PDB medium as compared to other two media after 14 days of incubation against both bacterial and fungal human pathogens. Qualitative screening of the extract showed presence of phytochemicals. The crude metabolites showed ? max of 1.76 indicating presence of active compounds. The present study demonstrates successful development of mycelia from the macro-fungal spore of Geastrum sp., and reports considerable antimicrobial activity of the fungal metabolites which needs to be isolated and characterized.
Ichwan Qomari, Gunarto, Akhmad Khisni and Anis Mashdurohatun.
The purpose of this study was to find the reconstruction of shighat taklik talak as the reason for divorce in the judge\'s judgment based on the value of justice. The paradigm used in this research is constructivist paradigm. The research\'s approach method is empirical juridical. research data source used in this research is primary data and secondary data. Data were analyzed descriptively and analitically. The findings of this study are unilateral Promises in safeguarding the rights of the wife, therefore if the person refuses not to read and sign according to the Permenag no. 11 Article 24 paragraph (2), the wife can file a case to the Religious Court in order to make Sighat Taklik Talak. Which can be used as a divorce reasons only the wife can use, resulting in a verdict of Divorce called Talak Khul\'i by the judge. Reconstruction of Sighat Taklik should be formulated as a marriage agreement as article 45 and article 46 of KHI jo. Article 11 of Regulation no. 2 year 1990. So that there is a balance of rights between husband and wife.
Abdulkhalek M. Kadir.
Control chart is a main tool in statistical process control, it is used to promote quality level of maintenance of equipment in the firms, and it can assure loss of costs to be as lower average cost of maintenance when Taguchi method of quality control is used and by several mathematical equations in the process. As a result of huge development of equipment, the production shifted from workers to machines, then the role of maintenance much increased, and failure rates and defects amount become proportional to higher quality level of applied maintenance. As a new subject, the research tries to combine four factors of maintenance, loss of costs, x-bar control chart, and quality level, then to present equations or formulas of four types of loss of costs in order to find their values. As a new methodology, the research will aim at minimizing loss of costs, achieving small average cost of maintenance procedure in the firms, and sorting them by using Taguchi method of quality control with six of related equations.
Swarna Manjari Behera and Siba Prasad Mishra.
The present study is carried out in the Puri district, Odisha, India to ascertain the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes. The parameters used to ascertain the suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes are synthesized. The physico chemical observations used for the purpose were ; pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate and the irrigation indexing parameters calculated were, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, magnesium adsorption ratio, permeability ratio and Kelly?s ratio. The parametric values obtained from present study shows margins of concentration ranges lies within the permissible limit which shows that as a whole ground water of the district is suitable for irrigation purposes. In most of the places the residual sodium carbonate, permeability index, Kelly ratio, magnesium absorption ratio exceeded or remain below its permissible limit. So the non-tolerant crops susceptible for less yield to high sodium content can be avoided in the area. Suitable recommended use of chemicals such as lime, sulphuric acid may be added to soil with pre crop irrigation for leaching.
Ab?lio da Costa Ximenes.
This research is conducted to (1) describe and explain the grammatical errors and the likely sources of errors done by the fifth semester students of English Department of Teaching and Education Faculty Oriental University of Dili in the academic year of 2017 in writing descriptive text, and (2) describe the causes of the errors. The participants of this research were 15 of the class B students. The descriptive qualitative method was used in this research. To collect data the researcher used writing test. The collected data was identified, classified, and analyzed based on the types of error using Dulay?s theory. The result of this research showed that based on the surface strategy taxonomy, the students tended to do errors in the form of addition ( 12 errors = 25, 53%), in the form of omission (13 errors = 27,66%), in the form of mii-formation (14 error = 29,79%), and in the form of miss-ordering (8 errors =17.02%) out of the total errors were 47 errors. The reasons why they done errors because of the students lacked English grammatical rules mastery and different language rules between Tetum language and English language.
Ibrahim G. Alghamdi and Ghanem M. Al-Ghamdi
This study describes the epidemiological data of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases diagnosed from 2002 to 2013 among male and female Saudis, including crude incidence rate (CIR) and age-adjusted incidence rate stratified by age group, region, gender, and year of diagnosis. It is an epidemiological analysis of all NPC cases registered in the Saudi Cancer Registry (SCR) from 2002 to 2013. The statistical analyses were performed using parametric test to identify the significant differences between regions and genders, with focusing on the overall CIR and age-adjusted incidence rate stratified by region, gender, and year of diagnosis. The region of Qassim had the highest overall age-adjusted incidence rate of NPC among male Saudis from 2002 to 2013. While, the region of Jouf had the highest overall age-adjusted incidence rate of NPC among female Saudis from 2002 to 2013. In addition, the region of Jazan had the lowest overall age-adjusted incidence rate of NPC among male and female Saudis from 2002 to 2013. The age groups within the range of (60-74 and 45-59) were highest affected by NPC among both genders. However, the age-adjusted incidence rates of NPC were significantly higher in Saudi male than in female with approximately ratio of 2:1. This study revealed that the region of Qassim is the best geographic area in Saudi Arabia to study the major risk factors of NPC among male Saudis. While, the region of Jouf is the best geographic area to study the major risk factors of NPC among female Saudis. Furthermore, the region of Jazan is the best geographic area in Saudi Arabia to study the most important protective factors of NPC among male and female Saudis.
S. Rama Praba, K. Renuka Devi and M. Mahalakshmi.
The thermodynamical behaviour of sodium chloride in aqueous cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution at 303K, 308K and 313K is studied. Density (ρ), viscosity (η) and ultrasonic velocities (U) of the solutions are measured experimentally at different concentrations of sodium chloride. For this, aqueous solutions of CTAB are prepared at three molarities (0.2mM, 0.3mM and 0.4mM). By knowing the experimental values, the internal pressure (πi) and free volume (Vf) of the solutions are determined. From these values quantitative relations between internal pressure, free volume with concentration of these solutions are verified. The results show that sodium chloride existing in aqueous cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide act as structure-breaker. ∆πi, A, B values of internal pressure, C, D values of free volume and viscosity B-coefficient of Jones-Dole equation are also evaluated to support the present study.
Victoria E.Tamban and Ofelia B. Maningas.
This study aimed to determine the relationships of big five personality traits and students? academic performance of College of Teacher Education at Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Ba?os Campus, Los Ba?os, Laguna ,1st semester Academic Year 2016-2017. The hypothesis stating that no significant relationship between the personality traits and the academic performance of the respondents was determined at ).05 level of significance.
Employing correlational research design. The respondents of the study were the 219 Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) and Bachelor of Elementary Education students (BEEd) from second year, third year and fourth year level. A valid survey questionnaire on determining the level of big five personality traits of the respondents which was adapted from Chowdburry?s Individual Level of Big Five Personality Test. Pearson r was used to determine the significant relationship between students? big five personality traits and their? academic performance. Most of the respondents GWA range from 1.50 to 1.74 consist of 70 of 31.96% while there were 10 or 4.57% got a GWA of 2.01 above.
The results describe that openness, conscientiousness and extraversion show negative correlation while agreeableness and neuroticism show positive correlation but the relationship between variables are all weak such that the null hypothesis stating that there is no significant relationship between the said variables is rejected with the p-value range from of 0. 0001 to 0.0018 which is lower than the level of significance of 0.05. A significant relationship was found between the level of big five personality traits and of students? academic performance.
The results describe that the trait reflects \'open-mindedness\' and interest in culture. High scorers tend to be imaginative, creative, and to seek out cultural and educational experiences. Low scorers are more down-to-earth, less interested in art and more practical in nature. Most of the students who have taken this test, their score on this dimnsion (25.31) is relatively low.
The students score on conscientiousness (29.68) is about average. High scorers are methodical, well organized and dutiful. Low scorers are less careful, less focused.
In extraversion their scores (27.79) is about average wherein high in extraversion are energetic and seek out the company of others. Low scorers (introverts) tend to be more quiet and reserved.
In Agreeableness , student? score on this dimension (29.94) is about average it reflects how they tend to interact with others. People high in agreeableness tend to be trusting, friendly and cooperative. Low scorers tend to be more aggressive and less cooperative.
In Neuroticism (22.40) which is relatively low, this trait reflects the tendency to experience negative thoughts and feelings. High scorers are prone to insecurity and emotional distress. Low scorers tend to be more relaxed, less emotional and less prone to distress.
The researcher concluded that all of the personality traits show significant relationship in the academic.
Based on the conclusions the researchers recommended instructors or teachers must take into consideration thoe students traits as one of the factors affecting students? performance. Seminars on personality development and moral values may be conducted by the College to deepen the students understanding on the importance of having good traits as future educators. Further study is also recommended by the researchers since it is limited only in the College of Teacher Education.
Marisol Rodr?guez Borb?n, Cecilia Lorena Velarde Flores, Sacnict? Valdez del R?o, Valeria Carolina Le?n Ram?rez and Marco Alberto N??ez Ram?rez.
Today, the intangible assets have become important resources in organizations, due to they generate value and raise the life expectancy of companies. However, there is no analysis related to the generation of these assets, especially those that involve the development of knowledge in newly created companies. It is for this reason that the objective of this research is to identify the relationship between the absorption capacities and the intellectual capital, as well as knowing the influence level of these capacities on the intellectual capital development (human, structural and relational capital). In order to elaborate this study, it was applied a survey to 100 graduated companies from the business incubator in the Technological Institute of Sonora, in Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. A quantitative analysis was applied using Pearson correlation and multiple regression. It was identified the existence of a relationship and a partial influence among the studied variables, although a positive relationship was found, not in all cases the link was significant.
Israa N Al Mitwali.
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest threats to universal health. The decreasing activity of antibiotics in treating common infections has been hastened in recent years. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in humans and animals is accelerating this process.Steps can be taken at all levels of society to limit the spread of resistance. It is critical that people and even future medical field members should understand the problem. Objectives: are to assess students\' knowledge about use of antibiotics in human and agriculture, and antibiotic resistance. Methodology: A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey was undertaken among fourth year undergraduate pharmacy students. A total of 100 questionnaires were collected. Microsoft Office Excel 2007 was utilized to generate percentages. SPSS version 23 was used to analyze data, Chi square test P˂0.001 was used to assess the association between variables. Results: 61% of students reported having antibiotic within the last month, 33% had their antibiotic with prescription, and 87% took it from the pharmacy. 83% of answers said that they would stop antibiotic after finishing the course. 25% mentioned cold and flu required antibiotic therapy. Student heard mostly about terms like antibiotic resistance 100%, pharmacist and doctor were significantly p<0.001the major source of knowing these terms. While only 39% identified the term superbugs. 82% of students correctly answered the true and false questions of ?antibiotic resistance is an issue that could affect me or my family?. 52% of students agreed with ?farmers should give fewer antibiotics to food-producing animals. Conclusions: This survey reveals good knowledge about antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance related issues. Also it displays that Iraqi medical curriculum improves students? knowledge. The study also shows an excessive use of antibiotics, this highlights the need for stricter governmental rules about antibiotic sale in community pharmacies.
A. Rafai and M. Raji.
The Rif belt accretionary wedge built mainly during Middle Miocene had closed foredeep-basins and transported various thrust-top basin south- and westward. During Paleogene, early inversion and building of the nappe stack, various upper mantellic and ancient oceanic slices were scraped from a buried old oceanic crust. Then, they were incorporated into the External Rif accretionary prism during subduction processes. The External Domain of the Rif belt has undergone a main shortening, resulting in internal sheet deformations, and subsequent nappe stack. The recent studies cover the Mesorif suture zone and related ?oceanic rocks?, outcropping in the central and eastern Mesorif-Prerif units, highlighted their petrography and preliminary geochemistry. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the mafic rocks that occur in the western part of the Prerif sub-domain. We describe here for the first time geological and petrographical framework of gabbros slivers, basalt and pillow lavas that appear in Ouazzane region. These fine to medium grain sized gabbros display a subophitic to ophitic texture made up of abundant euhedral to subhedral plagioclase, clinopyroxene crystals are subhedral to anhedral that can be very altered and totally replaced by chlorite and opaques, olivine is less abundant with minor biotite. Alteration phases include serpentine-group minerals, chlorite and low-T hydrous Ca-aluminosilicates such as tremolites. The pillow basalts thin sections show a microlitic texture mainly formed of plagioclase laths and some clinopyroxene totally replaced with secondary minerals.
Retno Dwi Irianto, Gunarto and Jawade Hafidz.
The purpose of this study was to find a reconstruction of the implementation of public health services supervision using justice-value. This research method is descriptive analytical, using primary and secondary data types with data collection method through field research or interview and literature study. The results of the study found that the implementation of public health services supervision using justice-value shows that the community has participate actively in improving the performance of public services in the field of health. Substantially, the Government and the House of Representatives are required to improve Article 4 and Article 39 of Law Number 25 Year 2009 on Public Service, Article 54 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 Year 2009 on Health and Article 43 of Government Regulation No. 96 of 2012.
Rituparna Rajendra and Sutanuka Deb.
Reality crime shows are the most popular T.V serials which are increasing its popularity at an alarming rate in India. Comparing recent times the Crime shows had never been so good on Indian television. The programming pattern of each reality crime shows in every channel is slowly incorporating more shows that involve sensational stories of crime and murder. Dramatised portrayal of real life cases and sensational crime stories from police files has evoked the audience interest. More than a dozen of these kinds of reality crime shows are running on various channels and the audience are relating to crime next door.
The understanding of this topic is to analyse the mindset of distinction of wrong and right in people due to the influence of reality crime shows. Media in today?s world plays a key role in changing and raising the consciousness of the people. This sudden change has set to embark the society through culminating the values and norms of justice or is just invoking negativity.
Rafia A. Baba, Umar Mushtaq, Arif A. Parray, Deeba Kirmani, Lateef A. Wani and Firdous A. Khanday.
MKK6 expression analysis has been reported in various primary tumors, like esophagus, stomach, colon and prostate cancers but its significance in primary breast tumor patients remains unclear. We investigated the expression of MKK6 in cancer tissues through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence techniques in 25 resected cases of human breast carcinomas. Increased MKK6 protein expression was observed in 56% (14 ? 25) of breast cancer cases. These results indicate that the upregulated expression of MKK6 in cancer tissues has significant role in tumor progression and the clinical prognosis of patients with primary breast carcinoma.
Marasinghe Pathiranage Nadeeka Pramodani and Wasantha Janaki Wickramarachchi.
Obesity is defined as a state of excess adipose tissue mass and person with Body Mass Index (BMI) >30 kg/m2. It is the cumbersome fettle of today?s world as in every region of the world, obesity has doubled between 1980 and 2008, and today, half a Billion people (12% of the world?s population) are considered as obese. This is indeed a careworn situation; Obesity provides the platform for so many hazards like Hypertension, Coronary Heart Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus, Infertility, Impotency as well as psychological disorders like, stress, anxiety. Hence in order to have best management of Obesity present research was carried out. The term Sthaulya is described in Ayurveda for obesity.
Thirty obese patients were selected randomly and treated with Vidangadi churna mentioned in traditional treatments in Sri Lanka. Five grams of Vidangadi churna were given morning and evening for one month and three months follow up period. Patients were assessed under the objective criteria.
The reduction of body weight, reduction observed in B.M.I, reduction in waist to hip ratio were highly significant (p<0.001). Mid arm circumference were clinically reduced but statistically not significant.
The conclusion of the present study was Vidangadi churna proved to be efficacious in the disease obesity.
Sai Tejaswi Yekkirala.
The Government of India launched the 100 Smart City Mission on June 25, 2015, where in 100 India urban cities would be developed into Smart Cities. Given this information, the first question which needs to be answered is what is a smart city? According to the website for Smart Cities Mission, there is no clear definition of a smart city. It varies from city to city and country to country according to the development, willingness to change, resources and aspirations of the citizen. Some basic features of development in smart cities are:
1. Effective land use
2. Housing opportunities for all
3. Security of the citizens
4. Preservation and development of open spaces
5. Integrated transport options
6. Citizen friendly Governance
There are certain stages of development for a smart city to come into existence; of which the very basic level is to equip the city with surveillance. Though surveillance is the primary need for a society to keep its citizens safe; a good number of cities in India lack this basic infrastructure. Another useful objective of having surveillance in place is that the data collected through technology surveillance mechanisms can be collated and shared with other departments engaged in maintaining the physical and social conditions of the city viz. public works department, health department, water department, electricity department and so on. The data can be processed to devise basic solutions to address basic human needs.
Abhishek Kumar, Madhusmita Panigrahy and Kishore CS Panigrahi.
Arabidopsis Biological Resource Centre (ABRC) has prescribed optimal procedure for healthy growth of Arabidopsis in growth chambers and green house, that uses cost intensive growth components. Here we evaluated the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana using locally available soil and correlated it with the nutrient load. Keeping the flowering time as the read out, we formulated a soil condition that is quite inexpensive and showed acceptable growth and flowering time. In the present study, we have tested 5 different types of soil combinations available (i.e. clay, red soil, garden soil, soilrite and mixed soil) and recorded different plant growth parameters such as root length, leaf area, chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin content, number of leaves at bolting, pod length, pod weight, seeds / pod and biomass to access healthy plant growth condition. We observe the best plant growth on mixed soil (soil mixture of soilrite, red soil and garden soil) determined by us. Soil mixture grown plants showed optimal vegetative growth as well as reproductive potential. Finally, we have fixed the soil mixture composition as soilrite, red soil and garden soil in 5:4:1 proportion for optimum plant growth of Arabidopsis in growth chambers. This proportion of this soil mix could be taken as the bench mark for the researchers using Arabidopsis thaliana in Indian conditions.
Codjo Luc Zinsou, Ezechiel Alloba, D?gla Rodolphe Amoussou And Fran?ois Ngapgue.
The present study is inscribed within the framework of the valorization of local materials in road construction techniques. Identification tests were carried out on silty sand. The results obtained showed that the content of fine particles, the CBR at 95% Modified Optimum Proctor and the plasticity index of the samples studied were respectively 15.25%, 31 and 16%. From the results obtained, it is evident that these materials cannot be used in their natural state for the construction of road infrastructures and sporting tracts. A proposal for the correction of these materials by adding 2%, 3%, 4%, 6% and 8% of lime was carried out. Test results carried out on samples of the modified materials showed that, by adding 4% lime and taking construction dispositions, these materials are good for usage as base course in road construction and as surface course in sporting tracts.
K. Deepthi, A. M. Umabala and A. V. Prasada Rao.
Photocatalytic degradation of Brilliant green, Orange G and Crystal violet dyes is investigated under visible light irradiation using Bi2MoO6 synthesised by coprecipitation and calcined at 4500 C for 20 h. Addition of H2O2 is found to enhance the rate of degradation. The above dyes are degraded for 210, 180 and 60 min of irradiation, respectively. Formation of .OH free radicals during irradiation is ascertained by means of photoluminescence studies using Terephthalic acid as probe molecule. A possible mechanism for photocatalytic degradation is suggested.
J. M. Patil and b. A. Karadge.
The effect of Na2SO4 salinity (sand culture) on root length, shoot length, total length (Height of Plant), root / shoot ratio, biomass (fresh and dry wt.) and chlorophylls, polyphenols and proline contents of a sodium loving plant Trianthema portulacastrum L. has been investigated. The plants were raised from seeds in acid free silica sand culture with Hoagland nutrient medium and treated with 0.0 (control), 100, 200 and 300mM Na2SO4 for two months. The plants exhibited better performance in growth and development under low salinity (100mM Na2SO4) level, 300mM salt concentration was slightly harmful. Amount of total chlorophylls, chl. at and chl. b, was significantly reduced under increasing salinity levels. Polyphenol level was increased with increasing salt level in the medium. Proline content was also significantly increased under increasing Na2SO4 salinity level. Trianthema portulacastrum L. appears to be moderately tolerant to Na2SO4 salinit.
Biplab Siladitya and M. A. M. Phil.
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Nadia C. Monta?o-Vera, Alejandro Ruiz-Mar?n, Yunuen Canedo-L?pez, Juan Gabriel Flores-Trujillo, Jose del Carmen Zavala-Loria and Asteria Narv?ez-Garc?a.
The Laguna de Terminos Flora and Fauna Protection Area is at the southern extreme of the Gulf of Mexico in the state of Campeche, Mexico. Its immense lagoon and mangrove habitats provide important refuge for marine, bird and mammal species. Anthropogenic activities (petroleum industry, fisheries and urban) constantly threaten the ecosystem. Aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) were determined in mangrove and coastal sediments in the Protection Area. The principal hydrocarbon sources were identified using specific PAH (fluoranthene/ fluoranthene + pyrene) rates, and concentrations compared to limits established by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for priority contaminants in surface sediment. Sediment samples were collected near the area?s three main human settlements (Isla del Carmen, Isla Aguada and Sabancuy). Aliphatic hydrocarbon levels did not reach contaminating levels and were highest near urban zones and mangrove forest areas. Based on molecular weights, pyrolytic-origin PAHs were most frequent at Sabancuy (38.80%), followed by Isla del Carmen (21.49%) and Isla Aguada (11.21%). Petrogenic-origin PAHs were most frequent at Sabancuy (61.71%), followed by Isla del Carmen (42.78%) and Isla Aguada (33.34%). The fluoranthene / fluoranthene + pyrene index value for Sabancuy (>0.5) suggested that sediment hydrocarbon concentrations primarily came from combustion of grasslands, forest and charcoal. At Isla Aguada, sediment hydrocarbons came from a combination of fossil fuel and grassland combustion. The very low value (<0.4) at Isla del Carmen suggests heavy contributions from oil and petroleum derivative spills. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in mangrove and coastal sediments within the Protection Area, but concentrations were below levels defined as contaminated.
Piero Levantino, Massimo Raspanti, Salvatore Evola, Giuseppina Novo, Giovanna Evola and Salvatore Novo.
Background: Coronary artery ectasia is the abnormal dilatation of one or more coronary segments. Although the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying CAE are largely unknown, it seems that some of the extracellular matrix degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) can play an important role in the development of this condition. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between MMP-9 and the development of CAE as well as the role played by the inflammatory process in this condition.
Materials And Methods: In our retrospective study we have enrolled a series of 79 patients: 47 presented, on coronary angiography, focal or diffuse ectasia of coronary arteries (cases), 32 had a free coronary tree or without hemodynamically significant stenosis (controls). All patients were subjected to blood sampling for the dosage of MMP-9 and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Results: In our study we found that the most involved coronary artery in CAE was the right coronary artery. Serum levels of MMP-9 were higher in the patients with CAE (5.011 mcg / ml vs. 3.93 mcg / ml, p = 0,07) although not statistically significant, in direct proportion to the number of involved vessels (p = 0.025). Serum CRP levels were higher in patients with CAE (5.12 mg / dl vs. 2.18 mg / dl, p = 0.4) although not statistically significant, in direct proportion to the number of involved vessels (p = 0.001).
Conclusions: We found a possible relationship between elevated levels of MMP-9 and CAE, as well as the relationship between levels of MMP-9 and severity of the CAE. Furthermore we found a possible relationship between elevated CRP levels and CAE and there was a directly proportional relationship between the increase of CRP and extension of the CAE.
Arun kumar Rajakantham and Sriram.
The primary aim is to analyze the clinical profile including epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis (ante natal and post natal), operative findings, and outcome.
SCT are a relatively uncommon tumor. Those presenting within a few days of birth carry a better prognosis. Mass is the most common presenting symptom. Early diagnosis, prompt surgical intervention gives good result and long term survival. The optimal therapeutic program for children with malignant SCT is still evolving.
Nabeel K. AL_hamzawi and Shedden AL_shammari.
Background: Molluscum contagiosum is a common skin disorder mainly infecting children, and a pox virus causes it. This study was prepared to compare the efficacy, safety, cure rate, and recurrence of topical treatment versus surgical removal of MC.
Methods: A total of 84 patients included in this study, and divided to receive treatment with either topical trichloroacetic acid 30% group( A) for seven days or surgical removal group (B) for one session, until clinical cure observed, the total time of treatment four weeks. Each group included 42 patients. A one year follow up after clinical cure with regular visits every two months to assess the efficacy of treatment, adverse reactions, and recurrence.
Results: In patients with topical treatment group (A), the cure rate was 88.I % (37 of 42) after two weeks of treatment, 11.9% (5 of 42) healed by the end of 4 weeks. Whereas in the group (B) 57.1% (24of 42) cleared after two weeks, and the remaining 42.8% (18 patients) getting a secondary infection and they cleared by the end of 4th week. In the group (A) 11.9% five patients experienced recurrences of molluscum contagiosum after four months. Whereas in group (B) patients, recurrence of lesion reported in 54.7% (23 of 42) who undergo frequent surgical removal through multiple visits during one year.
Conclusion: Topical treatment of molluscum contagiosum has more efficacy, safety, and low cost than surgical removal. The recurrence rate is significantly less with topical treatment than with surgical removal.
K. Thiripurasundari.
Leather industries have a prominent place in India. It gives a more employment opportunity. Especially women employees are high. It plays a unique position in Indian Economy but the industries run profit motive and earn more profit through the leather product clusters like leather finished goods, leather garments leather footwear, saddler and harness. Tamilnadu has more leather cluster region like Ambur Vaniyambadi, Pernambut, Ranipet, Dindugul, Trichy. Theses cluster exports more leather products among other states of India. So India earn more annual turnover through leather industry because it has more region all over India and export more Leather products to all country. Hence, an attempt has been made in this paper to highlight ?Future Prospects of Indian Leather Industry?.
M. Monteiro, A. Matos, S. Aquino, F. Gaona, C. Schaerer, F. Arias, D. Dorigo, M.C. Vega, A. Rojas de Arias, A. A. Ribeiro and M. Varella.
Natural and modified kaolinite minerals are widely used in industrial applications and environmental protection, in particular, sorbent processes. The aim of this work consists in proposing an alternative application for the kaolinite as a slow release device of pheromone benzaldehyde. Porous kaolinite pellets were produced by uniaxial compression molding under a pressure of 145 MPa, approximately. The pellets were sintered at 900oC and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Afterwards, these pellets were impregnated with benzaldehyde, a synthetic pheromone used to attract kissing bugs. The pellets were analyzed by FTIR, after the impregnation process, in order to verify the presence of the sorbed benzaldehyde. In addition, bioassays were performed in laboratory scale, on T. infestans nymphs and adults for evaluating the maximum release period and the attractant efficiency of pellets using impregnated pellets and control ones. The results of the release of benzaldehyde analysis showed existence of benzaldehyde after sixty days and the results of bioassays release showed more effectiveness in attraction of adult insects than nymph instars, suggesting that the porous kaolinite pellets are a promising alternative in trap system applications in the vector control to T. infestans, using benzaldehyde.
Smitha S Nair, Devipriya V and Regy Yohannan.
The pollen morphology of 20 accessions of Jasminum sambac L.(Ait) collected from different parts of Kerala State were studied. The major palynological features relating to the pollen shape, aperture and exine ornamentation are conserved within the species. The pollen grains were in general spheroidal, medium-sized and 3(4) ? zonocolporate with reticulate exine ornamentation. SEM analysis revealed microvariations relating to the exine components such as muri and lumina. Although these variations were not adequate enough to classify the taxa into palynological groups, certain character associations were observed such as the link between homobrochate condition and oval or ellipsoidal lumina. Four accessions with very short lumina and almost porous exine had spiny projections or pyramidal tapering from their upper mural ends. The phylogenetic significance of such microstructural variations in the pollen exine remain to be evaluated based on SEM studies of the exine architecture including more taxa belonging to the group.
Abdulaziz Omar Alshwerf, Laila El Sayed Amin, Fatma Ibrahim and Jilan Youssef.
Periodontitis (PD) are an inflammatory disorder in which tissue damage occurs through complex interactions between periodontal pathogens and components of the host mechanisms. Natural agents having antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities might be able to control the inflammatory diseases such as PD. This study designed to investigate the effect of Moringa Oleifera Extract (MOE) on healing of induced PD. Experimental periodontal disease was induced in rats by injecting LPS in the gingival tissues on the distobuccal aspect of lower first molars (30 ug LPS, 3 times/week for 2 weeks). MOE was administered to rats daily via oral gavage by dose 300 mg/kg once daily. The inflammatory status was evaluated by descriptive analysis of Ob and IL-6 serum level on H&E-stained sections. MOE Group B showed significant decrease in periodontal inflammation. In conclusions: MOE potently inhibits innate immune responses associated with periodontal disease, suggesting a therapeutic potential in this chronic inflammatory condition.
Sushant Kumar, Prabha Kumari, Amarendra Kumar Singh, Prabhat Kumar Dwivedi and Ajay Kumar Singh.
Swarnamakshika has been described in the treatment of Panduroga in almost all the classics of Ayurveda. Presently India is leading in the world in the context of iron deficiency anaemia because more than 50% of its population is suffering from it. Swarnamakshika Bhasmas prepared by different shodhana (RT 21/7-11, RRS 2/83 and RT 21/18) and marana processes (RT 21/21-22, RT 21/19-20 & RT 21/23-25) were analyzed and compared on physico chemical parameters, XRD, SEM, ICP-MS etc conducted at IIC, IIT, Roorkee and Science College, Patna. It could be a drug of choice for the treatment of anaemia due to easy availability and cheaper price.
DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/5292 
