SENSOR-GUIDED SMART GREENHOUSE SYSTEM FOR OPTIMIZED CROP PRODUCTION USING ESP32 MICROCONTROLLER

Greenhouse agriculture plays a key role in boosting crop yields and quality. Still, many current setups struggle with accurate control over environmental factors [1]. This paper outlines an IoT-driven smart greenhouse setup. It relies on the ESP32 microcontroller to handle key parameters like temper- ature, humidity, light levels, and soil pH automatically. The ESP32 comes with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth built in, allowing data to flow in real time to the ThingSpeak cloud for oversight and adjustments [2]. Sensors such as the DHT11 for air conditions, soil moisture detectors, light-dependent resistors, and pH probes gather the needed environmental details. Actuators including DC fans, water pumps, and LED lights then keep conditions ideal for growth. Automation and cloud links help manage resources well and support ongoing production. The approach adds to smart farming practices overall. It provides a model that scales easily, costs little, and works efficiently for better greenhouse operations [3].