IMPACT OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION (ANIDRA) ON OCULAR SURFACE HEALTH: AN AYURVEDIC AND MODERN REVIEW

Adequate sleep plays a crucial role in preserving both physical well-being and mental health. However, the demands of modern lifestyles, including occupational stress, irregular daily schedules, and prolonged exposure to digital screens, have significantly increased the prevalence of sleep deprivation. Insufficient sleep adversely affects overall health and has a considerable impact on the ocular surface system, which comprises the cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands. From a contemporary medical perspective, sleep deprivation disrupts tear film homeostasis, contributing to the development of Dry Eye Disease (DED). This occurs through mechanisms such as inflammatory responses, oxidative damage, and instability of the tear film. According to Ayurvedic principles, sleep disturbances are described under the conditions of Anidra or Nidranasha. These conditions are associated with the aggravation of Vata and Pitta Doshas, leading to the depletion of Kapha and Ojas, ultimately resulting in ocular dryness. As the functional integrity of the eyes is governed by Alochaka Pitta and supported by Tarpaka Kapha,inadequate sleep can directly compromise ocular health. This review aims to correlate contemporary ophthalmic evidence with Ayurvedic concepts and highlight integrative strategies for maintaining ocular surface health.