RESILIENT ARCHITECTURE FOR SAUDI BANKING TREASURY SYSTEMS: INTEGRATING RPO/RTO, HIGH AVAILABILITY, FAILOVER CLUSTERING, AND DISASTER RECOVERY UNDER VISION 2030

Saudi banking treasury systems increasingly depend on always-on digital infrastructure as payment velocity, intraday liquidity management, market connectivity, and automated risk controls expand under Vision 2030. This review develops an integrated resilience architecture for treasury platforms by examining Recovery Point Objective (RPO), Recovery Time Objective (RTO), high availability, failover clustering, replication, backup integrity, and disaster recovery as one control system rather than isolated technical features. A structured review of literature and regulatory guidance published between 2020 and 2025 was conducted across banking resilience, cyber recovery, cloud reliability, database protection, and Saudi financial sector modernization. The synthesis shows that resilient design requires four linked decisions: translating business impact into service-tier RPO/RTO targets; eliminating local single points of failure through redundant application,database, network,and messaging layers; separating high-availability mechanisms from geographically independent disaster recovery capabilities;and validating recovery through rehearsed, observable, governed failover procedures. Strong infrastructure may still fail operationally when replication lag, identity dependencies, third-party services, runbook drift, data-integrity uncertainty, or untested decision rights are overlooked. The proposed framework therefore combines clustered local continuity, controlled cross-site replication, immutable recovery points,automated health detection, treasury-aware recovery sequencing, and post-incident learning. For Saudi banks, this architecture supports digital trust, risk discipline, scalable financial infrastructure, and the resilience objectives of Vision 2030.