CONSTRUIRE LA RESILIENCE DES PME DANS LE SAHEL EN CRISE : REVUE CRITIQUE DE LA LITTERATURE ET CADRE CONCEPTUEL POUR LA GOUVERNANCE, LADAPTATION ET LA CONTINUITE DES ACTIVITES

Background: Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are essential drivers of employment, local innovation, economic diversification, and socio territorial cohesion. In the Sahel, their role has become increasingly strategic, as they contribute to sustaining incomes, supplying local markets, and stabilizing communities affected by recurrent crises. However, these enterprises operate in an environment characterized by insecurity, institutional fragility, population displacement, market disruptions, supply chain interruptions, climate shocks, energy constraints, and limited access to finance. In such a context, their survival depends on their ability to anticipate risks, preserve core functions, mobilize networks, and transform organizational practices.