NOVELINVITRO APPRO A CHES FOR SCREENING AND IDENTIFICATION OF ANTI- UROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Urolithiasis is characterized by the formation of renal calculi, remains a significant global health concern,with high recurrence rates and limitations in current treatment options.The major types of renal stones include calcium phosphate, uric acid, and.Current treatment strategies such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy effectively fragment or remove stones but often fail to prevent recurrence and carry the risks.Many medicinal plants show anti urolithiasis activities caused by chemical constituents which includes flavonoids, saponins, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids with antioxidant, diuretic, and anti inflammatory properties. In-vitro studies are conducted on membrane of the egg to break down the calcium oxalate crystals by using ethyl acetate extract of B.pinnatum and A.lanata. These extracts show anti urolithiatic activity mainly because of the presence of phytochemicals such as flavonoids and tannins.